Lecture 2

Question 1

What are the two systems used to organize the abdomen?

Answer 1

quadrant system, 9 region system

Question 2

What are the contents for each category?

Answer 2

Upper left: Stomach, left kidney, spleen, colon, pancreas
Upper right: liver, right kidney, colon, gallbladder, pancreas
Lower left: appendix, colon, small intestine, ureter
Lower right: sigmoid colon, small

Question 3

What are the muscles from superficial to deep in the abdomen?

Answer 3

Superficial to Deep
Rectus abdominis mm.
External oblique mm.
Internal oblique mm.
Transversus abdominis mm.

Question 4

what are the layers of the abdomen from superficial to deep?

Answer 4

o Skin
	o Camper’s fascia
	o scarpas fascia
	o External oblique
	o Internal oblique
	o Transversus abdominis
	o Extraperiotoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

Question 5

What are the order of layers in the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line?

Answer 5

§ Superficial to rectus abdominis
			· External oblique MM.
			· ½ of internal oblique mm.
		§ Deep to Rectus abdominis mm.
			· ½ of internal oblique mm.
			· internal abdominal oblique mm.
			· transversalis fascia
                         parietal peritoneum

Question 6

What are the order of layers in the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

Answer 6

§ Superficial to rectus abdominis
			· All abdominal mm.
		§ Deep to rectus abdominis
			· Transversalis fascia
                         Parietal peritoneum

Question 7

What are the three folds on the posterior surface of the abdominal wall?

Answer 7

Median, Medial, and lateral umbilical folds

Question 8

What does the median umbilical fold cover?

Answer 8

The median umbilical fold covers the median umbilical ligament (runs form bladder to umbilicus. The median umbilical ligament is the obliterated urachus.

Question 9

What does the medial umbilical fold cover?

Answer 9

The medial umbilical folds overly the medial umbilical ligament, which is the obliterated umbilical a.

Question 10

What does the lateral umbillical fold cover?

Answer 10

Lateral umbilical folds overly inferior epigastric vessels(branch of external iliac).

Question 11

What branches off the femoral a. from this lecture?

Answer 11

Superficial circumflex and superficial epigastric aa.

Question 12

What branches off the external iliac from this lecture?

Answer 12

Deep circumflex and inferior epigastric aa.

Question 13

What branches off internal thoracic a?

Answer 13

Superior epigastric and musculophrenic aa.

Question 14

What dermatome levels supply the area above the umbilicus

Answer 14

T7, T8, T9 supplies region above the umbilicus

Question 15

What dermatome levels supply the umbilicus?

Answer 15

T10

Question 16

What dermatome levels supply the are below the umbilicus?

Answer 16

T11, T12, L1

Question 17

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

Answer 17

Anteriorly: External oblique aponeurosis
Posterioly: transversalis fascia & conjoint tendon
Roof: Internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles
Floor: Inguinal ligament

Question 18

What are the contents of the inguinal canal for females?

Answer 18

contains round ligament of the uterus and ilioinguinal n.

Question 19

What are the contents of the inguinal canal for males?

Answer 19

Contains spermaticord (its contents) and Ilioinguinal n.

Question 20

What is a hernia?

Answer 20

Outpounching of abdominal viscera within a sac

Question 21

What are the layers of a hernia sac?

Answer 21

PArietal peritoneum, extraperitoneal fat, and trasversalis fascia

Question 22

What % of the time do hernias occur in the inguinal region?

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

What is the difference between direct and indirect hernia?

Answer 23

Direct: go through inguinal triangle and medial to epigastric vessels
indirect go through the entire inguinal canal and lateral to inferior epigastric cessels

Question 24

Whats a femoral hernia?

Answer 24

Hernia through femoral ring