Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the structure of a cell membrane?

Answer 1

Hydrophilic heads with hydrophobic tails. has integral and peripheral proteins attached for movement.

Question 2

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 2

Use carrier proteins to speed things up, does not require energy, occurs down an electrochemical gradient
A uniporter has binding sites that are alternately available on either side of the membrane.

Question 3

What is diffusion?

Answer 3

Movement of particles from region of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 4

What is osmosis?

Answer 4

Movement of water from high to low concentration across semipermeable membrane.

Question 5

How is osmotic pressure generated?

Answer 5

When water moves across a cell membrane because of the concentration differences water will accumulate on one side of the membrane. This will create higher pressure on one side of the membrane. Increase in pressure is called osmotic pressure.

Question 6

What is active transport?

Answer 6

Energy dependent transporters

Question 7

What is primary active transport vs secondary active transport?

Answer 7

Primary: Requires ATPase
Secondary: Requires multiporters

Question 8

What are the factors affecting diffusion?

Answer 8

Concentration differences, electrical differences and pressure differences

Question 9

What are multiporters?

Answer 9

Symporters and antiporters

Question 10

Name the non-gated channels.

Answer 10

Aquaporins and ion channels

Question 11

Name the gated channels.

Answer 11

Ligand and voltage gated channels

Question 12

What are the types of protein channels?

Answer 12

Non-gated channels and gated channels

Question 13

What are the characteristics of non-gated channels?

Answer 13

Aquaporins, potassium channels with selectivity filters with carbonyl oxygens, sodium channels

Question 14

What are the characteristics of gated channels?

Answer 14

Voltage gated channels

Question 15

What channels are also called leak channels?

Answer 15

Non-gated channels

Question 16

What is the function of the selectivity filter and how does it work?

Answer 16

Selective for K+ because when go through filter it will strip H2O

Question 17

What is active transport?

Answer 17

Movement of particles against a concentration/electrochemical gradient.

Question 18

What does symport mean?

Answer 18

Transporting 2 ions in the same direction

Question 19

What does carrier mediated transport include?

Answer 19

facilitated diffusion

Question 20

What is an excitable cell?

Answer 20

Cells in which an action potential can be induced

Question 21

What are examples of excitable cells?

Answer 21

Neurons, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells

Question 22

What are the characteristics of the cell body?

Answer 22

1. Houses nucleus
2. Characterized by local potentials
   3.

Question 23

What are the characteristics of dendrites?

Answer 23

1. Cellular extension of the neuron
2. characterized by the presence of ligand gated ion channels (how the neuron talks to each other)
3. Dendrites conduct local potentials

Question 24

What are the characteristics of an axon?

Answer 24

1. Single axon with different length
2. Covered by the plasma membrane
3. Axolemma is characterized by the presence of voltage gated ion channels and the ability to conduct the action potential

Question 25

``` Which of the following would have to be a transmembrane protein? A. A receptor protein B. A protein binding to the cytoskeleton C. A channel protein D. A phosphorylase ```

Answer 25

C. Channel protein

Question 26

Which organelle is directly associated with the synthesis of proteins for secretion?

Answer 26

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

The sodium glucose pump is an example of which kind of transport?

Answer 27

Secondary active transport

Question 28

The sodium potassium pump is an example of which kind of transport?

Answer 28

Primary active transport

Question 29

The sodium calcium pump is an example of which kind of transport?

Answer 29

Secondary active transport

Question 30

Glucose transporters (GLUT) employ what kind of transport?

Answer 30

Facilitated diffusion