Lecture 2 Flashcards
Explain the ethical theory of utilitarianism:
In Utilitarianism moral good is defined as the greatest happiness or pleasure to the greatest number. It often involves a cost benefit analysis, is based on outcomes. It provides equal consideration to all sentient beings.
Explain the ethical theory of contractarianism:
Suggests that moral values apply only to those who can contract. It means that human self-interest comes first
Explain the animal rights view (Deontology):
This suggests that there is no morally significant difference between humans and animals. Deontology would suggest the moral value of an action is determined by its compliance with specific moral rules of duties.
What is the respect for nature view?
Involves the preservation of species and ecosystem above individuals that favours saving endangered species.
What is the relational view?
The moral value of an animal is determined by the strength of the human animal relational bond. Animals relationships with human differ and hence some will have more rights than others.
What is meant by “telos”?
Refers to a unique set of traits it is the essence and purpose of a creature
What is a “subject of life”?
They have intrinsic value and inherent worth because their life matters to them.
What is meant by the term “animal sentience”?
Suffering and pleasure are defined by the ability to feel pain and pleasure, not the capacity to think
Who was the founder of utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
Who was responsible for the introduction of pain relief
Bernard E Rollin
Who was the Australian who said “there is no moral difference between humans and animals as they are both sentient”
Peter Singer
Who asked “the question is not can they reason, can the talk…but can they suffer?”
Jeremy Bentham
What ethical theory suggests that an animal should never be treated as a means to an end?
Animal rights view
