Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PhySci 111B > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the stress hormone

A

ACTH

Adreno corticotrophin H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the growth hormone

A

GH

Growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the breast milk hormone

A

PRL (prolactin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the thyroid hormone

A

TSH

Thyroid Stimulating H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the reproductive hormones

A

LH and FSH

  • gonadotrophins luteinizing H
  • follicle stimulating H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____________ releasing hormones

A

RH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____________ are hormones that affect the hypophysis

A

hypophysiotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_________ are hormones that act on a different endocrine gland

A

Trophic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

__________monitor & regulate: reproduction, body
temperature, food intake, water-salt balance, blood flow, sleep-wake, emotions such and anger and pleasure
cycles & pituitary hormones.

A

The hypothalamic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____________ Links the nervous system to the endocrine system

A

The hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The hypothalamus Synthesizes and secretes ___________ to stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones

A

neurohormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothalamus:

Ø Anterior pituitary via _____________

A

hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypothalamus

Ø Posterior pituitary via _______________

A

direct innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

________________ neurons make, store,

& secrete hormones

A

Neurosecretion:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Meaning of:
Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and exocytosis of the granule contents
occurs.

A

Vesicles fuse to membrane and release their neurotransmitters.

-Granuel cells hold. neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

• The amount of neurohormone secreted is ~proportional to the _______________

A

frequency of the action potentials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurons of the hypothalamus secrete

hormones at the primary plexus in the _____________

A

median eminence (ME)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypophyseal portal system of blood
vessels delivers releasing hormones to the
__________________

A

secondary plexus in the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stimulate trophic cells to release trophic

hormones: 5 things

A

gonadotrophs: LH & FSH
corticotrophs: ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone
thyrotrophs: TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone
somatotrophs: GH, SST, growth hormone & somatostatin
lactotrophs: PRL, prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gonadotrophs:

A

LH & FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

corticotrophs:

A

ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

thyrotrophs:

A

TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

somatotrophs:

A

GH, SST, growth hormone & somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does one
releasing hormone
regulate two
gonadotropins?

Study These Flashcards
A

pulse frequencies

25
Pulsatile GnRH secretion stimulates LH/FSH pulsatility Fast: Slow:
Fast (> 1 pulse / h) favors LH and | slow (< 1 pulse per 2-3 h) favors FSH
26
Continuous GnRH | _____________________
suppresses LH/FSH | secretion
27
GnRH is delivered in _________________ • The specialized blood vessels • Short distance • Short half-life of GnRH (minutes)
a temporally controlled | manner
28
• Signaling through a GPCR: GnRH-R is | expressed on____________
gonadotrope cells in the | pituitary
29
Communication with the posterior pituitary Made by neurosecretory ___________ of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) & paraventricular nucleus (PVH)
magnocellular neurons
30
stored in the _____________ and neuron terminals in the posterior pituitary
hiring bodies
31
Posterior pituitary hormone Released at neurovascular junctions __________________
in posterior pituitary
32
Posterior pituitary hormones release in response to – in response to_______________________________ – with input from ___________ – glia-like supporting cells that assist in storage and reliease
action potentials in the hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons pituicytes
33
glia-like supporting cells that assist in storage and reliease
pituicytes
34
Posterior pituitary hormones: made by the | -____________ released by the ___-________
hypothalamus, pituitary
35
________________ • Retains water by translocating aquaporins to the collecting ducts & distal convoluted tubule membranes in the kidney • Regulates peripheral resistance on vascular smooth muscle (↑ arterial pressure)
Vasopressin
36
_____________ • Stimulates smooth muscle in the uterus during parturition (Dale, 1906) • Stimulates smooth muscle in secretory alveoli of the mammary gland: milk ejection (Ott & Scott 1910 & Schafer & Mackenzie 1911) • Maintains vas deferens & participates in orgasm/ ejaculatory reflex • Touted as the 􀀁love/trust/commitment hormone􀀂 (see Tom Insel & Larry Young)
Oxytocin
37
Hypothalamic communication with | the rest of the CNS
Projections to and from: - Other limbic regions - Cortex - Brainstem
38
Leaky barrier between the hypothalamus and | CSF _________
allows diffusion of substances into or from the CSF
39
Grey haze: infiltration of a dye that does not cross___________
tight junctions
40
You can see grey in the hypothalamic area called
ARH (arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus) | àThe hypothalamus has a leaky brain-CSF barrier.
41
The hypothalamus can Direct communication with circulation via ________
leaky blood brain barrier (BBB)
42
How does the hypothalamus communicate Communication with rest of the CNS Ø
Projections all over the CNS | Ø closely associated with third ventricle
43
The hypothalamus provides an interface between the circulation and ____________
the CNS
44
____________ relieving dopamine suppression of lactation outside of breastfeeding
Galactorrhea:
45
Describe the negative feedback loop of human menstral cycle
``` Rising estradiol suppresses FSH/LH • Dropping estradiol leads to elevations in FSH/LH ```
46
Kisspeptin neurons express __________ • GnRH neurons do not express _________________ • GnRH neurons express the receptor for ______________
estrogen receptors estrogen receptors kisspeptin, GPR54
47
• There are two populations of kisspeptin neurons:
one that mediates negative feedback and one that mediates positive feedback
48
Receptor is ________ – Expressed in GnRH neurons – GPCRbetween
GRP54
49
A group of proteins synthesized from precursors of ~145 amino acids are processed to 54 a.a. – Bioactive molecules are 10, 13, or 14 a. a. from the -COOH terminal – Kiss neurons are located in the rostral periventricular nucleus (RP3V) & arcuate nucleus (ARH)
The gene makes larger proteins which are cleaved to make more bioactive molecules
50
describe positive feedback in human menstratuion
``` LH surge • Preceded by surge in estradiol • Rising estradiol and LH • Negative feedback suspended ```
51
AVPV: Remove ovaries (lower E2) àKiss1 transcript down, less GnRH release Replace E2 àKiss1 transcript up, more GnRH release ________
à+ Feedback
52
ARC: Remove ovaries (lower E2) àKiss1 transcript up, more GnRH release Replace E2 àKiss1 transcript down, less GnRH release _________
à- Feedback
53
What mediates the switch to positive feedback?
prolonged exposure to positive feedback
54
What is the magic of positive feedback and prolonged exposure to progestin
ovulation
55
What about males?
``` Negative feedback mediated by androgen receptors and estrogen receptors on kisspeptin neurons • No positive feedback ```
56
_____________ is used to treat treatment of hormone-responsive cancers (prostate) estrogen-dependent conditions (endometriosis or uterine fibroids) delay precocious puberty
agonist to pulsation of GNRH
57
people who dont lactate are constantly
prohibiting lactation
58
Why can anntiphyscotics cause lactation
They are a D2 blocker which inhibits the inhibition of lactation

PhySci 111B (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions