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PHRM 847 > Lecture 2 - Basic Concepts Pt1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Basic Concepts Pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the width of DNA?

A

2 nm

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2
Q

What is DNA made of?

A

Linear polymer fiber

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3
Q

What helix is DNA?

A

Double stranded

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4
Q

What are the 4 nucleobases of DNA?

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

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5
Q

How many bonds are between A and T?

A

2

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6
Q

How many bonds are between G and C?

A

3

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7
Q

What is a genome?

A

An organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes

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8
Q

How many DNA base pairs are there in a human?

A

more than 3 billion

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9
Q

How many total number of genes are there in a human?

A

About 21,000

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10
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function

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11
Q

What are protein coding genes?

A

Genes that are expressed to proteins

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12
Q

What percentage of the human genome are protein coding sequences?

A

1-3%

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13
Q

What are the noncoding genes?

A
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
  • miRNA
  • LncRNA, antisense RNA, pseudogenes
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14
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

Transfers amino acids to the RNA template to make proteins

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15
Q

What is rRNA?

A

RNA component of ribosome

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16
Q

What is function of miRNA?

A

Plays important role in regulating protein coding gene expression

17
Q

Describe the structure of a gene.

A
18
Q

Describe the structure of a real gene using understanding from the general structure of a gene.

A
19
Q

Why are there pairs of genes?

A

To increase genetic variation

20
Q

Describe the expression of genetic information.

A
21
Q

Describe the mRNA maturation process of transcription.

A
22
Q

What are the 4 nucleobases of RNA?

A

A, Uracil (U) instead of T, G, C

23
Q

What is the start codon?

A
  • For RNA: AUG
  • For DNA: ATG
24
Q

What are the stop codons?

A
  • For RNA: UAG, UAA, UGA
  • For DNA: TAG, TAA, TGA
25
Q

How many total codons are there?

A

64

26
Q

How many total amino acids are there?

A

20

27
Q

Describe the 64 codon chart.

A
28
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

Sequence variation at the same position of a homologous chromosome (diploid genome) that largely influences diversity and adaptability of humans to a changing environment

29
Q

Describe the lecture’s example of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

A
30
Q

Are there polymorphisms in the genome of a single germ cell (haploid genome)?

A

No

PHRM 847 (12 decks)

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