Lecture 2 Cells, Tissues and Microscopy

Question 1

How does light microscopy work?

Answer 1

A light microscope magnifies images through a series of glass lenses, which first focus a beam of light onto or through an object, and convex objective lenses to enlarge the image formed.

Question 2

What is the minimum resolution of the human eye?

Answer 2

0.2mm* Generally.

Question 3

What is the typical size of a cell?

Answer 3

10 to 20 micrometers.

Question 4

What is a microscope condenser?

Answer 4

Focuses light through the sample

Question 5

What is the eye piece of the microscope called?

Answer 5

The ocular

Question 6

how many magnifying lenses does a microscope have?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

What is the equation for total magnification?

Answer 7

Eyepiece magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 8

Define magnification

Answer 8

How much an object is enlarged

Question 9

Resolution

Answer 9

Ability to distinguish between 2 closely spaced objects - to 0.2microlitres.

Question 10

True or False: Resolution can be still be poor with high magnification?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is formalin?

Answer 11

Saturated formaldehyde

Question 12

What is formalin used for?

Answer 12

To preserve cell samples for histological analysis

Question 13

What is the mechanism of Formalin

Answer 13

Cross-linking, i.e. the formation of covalent bonds between proteins.

Question 14

It is used as an embedding medium for histological analysis of natural tissue.

Answer 14

Paraffin wax

Question 15

The vertical distance between the tip of a crest and the wave’s central axis is called:

Answer 15

The amplitude

Question 16

A colourless compound present in logwood, and is used as a biological stain.

Answer 16

What is Haematoxylin

Question 17

A red fluorescent dye that is a bromine derivative of fluorescein, or one of its salts or other derivatives.

Answer 17

Eosin

Question 18

What colour does haemotoxylin stain?

Answer 18

Blue

Question 19

True of False: Eosin stains nuclei cells

Answer 19

False

Question 20

True or False: Haemotoxylin Stains nuclei cells

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What part of the cell does eosin dye?

Answer 21

The cytoplasm

Question 22

Which chemical dyes cytoplasm cells pink? Haemotoxylin or Eosin

Answer 22

Eosin

Question 23

Define: Immunohistochemistry

Answer 23

Lab technique used to visualise specific proteins or antigens within tissue samples.

Question 24

What are 3 things all cells have in common?

Answer 24

A cell membrane - separates in/outside
Cytoplasm
DNA - Genetic Material

Question 25

Do animal cells have a cell wall?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

The bottom layer of skin in your body is called 'The

Answer 26

Hypodermis

Question 27

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 27

The bottom layer of skin in humans and pigs.

Question 28

The _____________ is the main insulating fat layer of skin in humans and pigs.

Answer 28

Hypodermis

Question 29

What does the darker pink staining on the surface of colon cells represent?

Answer 29

Microvilli

Question 30

Tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells

Answer 30

Microvilli

Question 31

What are columnar cells?

Answer 31

An epithelial cell that is shaped like a column

Question 32

Epithelial cell

Answer 32

Cell that covers the inside and outside of the surfaces of your body

Question 33

Epithelium, mesothelium, and endothilium are 3 types of which cell that line your internal organs, body cavities, and form the outer layer of your skin?

Answer 33

epithelial cell

Question 34

What does the epithelial cell line?

Answer 34

Internal organs and body cavities

Question 35

What cells form the outer layer of human skin?

Answer 35

epithelial cell

Question 36

What are the 3 types of epithelial cells?

Answer 36

Epithelium, endothelium, and mesothelium

Question 37

Define: nucleoli

Answer 37

A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

Question 38

Where is the nucleolus found?

Answer 38

In the nucleus

Question 39

During what phase is the nucleolus found in the nucleus?

Answer 39

Interphase

Question 40

What is the site of ribosome biogenesis called?

Answer 40

The Nucleolus

Question 41

The _____ also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell's response to stress

Answer 41

Nucleolus

Question 42

What is enzyme-linked antibody staining?

Answer 42

immunological assay commonly used to measure antibodies, antigens, proteins and glycoproteins in biological samples

Question 43

Define: Adenocarcinoma

Answer 43

A malignant tumour formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue

Question 44

A malignant tumour formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue

Answer 44

Adenocarcinoma

Question 45

What is the etymology of Adenocarcinoma?

Answer 45

“adeno” meaning 'pertaining to a gland' and “carcinoma” meaning cancer.

Question 46

Is H&E staining used for dead or live cells?

Answer 46

Dead cells.