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Microbiology > Lecture 2: Chemical Properties (Chapter 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Chemical Properties (Chapter 2) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter which can partake in a chemical reaction?

A

Atom

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2
Q

An ________ is composed of one type of atom

A

element

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3
Q

A __________ is formed when 2 or more atoms join together

A

molecule

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4
Q

`An atom that looses an electron will have a _____ _____ _____

A

net positive charge

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5
Q

When an atom gains an electron it will have a ___ ________ ______

A

net negative charge

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6
Q

When an atom has an overall positive or an overall negative charge it is no longer neutral and is referred to as an ______

A

ion

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7
Q

_____ _____form in between atoms when electrons in their outer shells interact with one another

A

Chemical bonds

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8
Q

Every atom wants to achieve chemical stability and they do this by filling their outermost shell with _____

A

electrons

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9
Q

Atoms achieve a full complement of how many electrons to form molecules?

A

8

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10
Q

What are the three kinds of chemical bonds found in living organisms?

A

covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

_____ bonds are very strong bonds

A

Covalent

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12
Q

_____ bonds are formed when two atoms come together and share electrons within their outer shell

A

Covalent

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13
Q

Water is formed as a result of _____ bonds in between Hydrogen and Oxygen

A

Covalent

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14
Q

_____ bonds form as a result of the attractive force in between ions of opposite charge

A

Ionic

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15
Q

Which bonds are weaker; ionic or covalent?

A

Ionic

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16
Q

Attractive force holds the two atoms together in a(n) _____ bond

A

Ionic

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17
Q

_____ bonds form when Hydrogen is covalently bound to oxygen or another electron loving molecule such as nitrogen

A

Hydrogen

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18
Q

molecules that contain unequal sharing of electrons are _____ _____

A

Polar molecules

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19
Q

Which is the weakest of the three bonds?

A

Hydrogen

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20
Q

_____ bonds result in networks of molecules of different molecules

A

Hydrogen

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21
Q

Organic compounds are compounds which contain _____

A

Carbon

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22
Q

Inorganic compounds are compounds which do not contain _____

A

Carbon

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23
Q

The most important inorganic molecule found in living systems is _____

A

water

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24
Q

_____ is an Excellent Solvent

A

Water

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25
the ions (Na+, Cl-) remain dissolved in the water and form a _____
solution
26
Every water molecule can form _____ Hydrogen bonds with other water molecules
four
27
Water is a great _____ _____ because of its strong hydrogen bonds
temperature buffer
28
Water is easily split into its component ions ___ and ___
H+, OH-
29
The four outer electrons of Carbon allow it to form four _____ bonds with a large number of different atoms
four
30
name four major classes of organic compounds found in living thing
1) Carbohydrates 2) Proteins 3) Lipids 4) Nucleic Acids
31
__________ are an energy source that is immediately utilizable by cells
Carbohydrates
32
_____ are polar compounds, therefore they dissolve in water
Carbohydrates
33
All _____ contain the elements C, H and O (usually in a C1H2O1 ratio)
Carbohydrates
34
Name the three types of carbohydrates
1) Monosaccharides mono=1, saccharide-sugar 2)Disaccharides di=2 3)Polysaccharides (often non soluble) poly-many
35
The ____ group includes fats, complex lipids (phospholipids) and steroids
Lipids
36
_____ are used as a means of energy storage
lipids
37
_____ are essential to the structure and function of membranes
lipids
38
_____ are non-polar therefore they don’t interact with water because they are hydrophobic (water hating)
lipids
39
____ are composed of a glycerol molecule plus one to three fatty acids
fats
40
Monoacylglycerides are?
glycerol plus one fatty acid
41
Diacylglycerides are?
glycerol plus two fatty acids
42
Triacylglycerides are?
glycerol plus three fatty acids
43
Fatty acids can either be _____ or _____.
Saturated, unsaturated Saturated:No double bonds, saturated with hydrogen atoms unsaturated: Has at least one double bond, fewer hydrogen atoms
44
_____ are found in membranes of living cells and are the primary component of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic plasma membranes
Phospholipids
45
What are phospholipids?
Lipids that include glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group
46
These lipids are structurally distinct from other lipids and have a four ring structure
steroids
47
Cholesterol and vitamin d are examples of _____
steroids
48
_____ are composed of individual units called amino acids
Proteins
49
All amino acids and thus protein are composed of _____, _____, _____._____(some also have sulfur)
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
50
Each amino acid has on _____ group (NH2), a _____ group (COOH) and a _____ group (-R) which is different on each amino acid
amino (NH2), carboxyl (COOH), side (-R)
51
The side group –R determines the _____ _____ of the amino acid
chemical properties
52
The individual amino acids are joined together by _____ _____ which are covalent bonds
peptide bonds
53
Short chains of amino acids are called _____
peptides
54
Long chains of amino acids are called _____ which are proteins
polypeptides
55
The specific amino acid sequence is important in determining the _____ of the protein
shape
56
_____ _____ are made up of nucleotides
Nucleic acids
57
what are the three components of nucleotides?
1) Nitrogenous Base: i) Purines ii) Pyrimidines 2) Pentose Sugar 3) Phosphate Group
58
Purines contain 2 rings and have two types. What are they?
Adenine (A), Guanine (G)
59
Pyrimidines contain 1 ring and have three types, what are they?
Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U)
60
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
Ribose and deoxyribose
61
DNA or RNA: composed of deoxyribose sugar
DNA
62
DNA or RNA: composed of ribose sugar
RNA
63
DNA or RNA: doubled stranded with each strand | held together by hydrogen bonds
DNA
64
DNA or RNA: single stranded
RNA
65
DNA or RNA: forms a double helix
DNA
66
DNA or RNA: is what genes are composed of
DNA
67
DNA or RNA: involved in communicating the | instructions of the other
RNA
68
DNA or RNA: The order of the nucleotide sequence | is very specific and forming the genetic instructions for the organism
DNA
69
DNA or RNA: made of nucleotides A, C, T, G
DNA
70
DNA or RNA: made of nucleotides A, C, U, G
RNA

Microbiology (6 decks)

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