Lecture 2 Exam 2

Question 1

When did seed plants first begin to diversify from their seedless ancestor?

Answer 1

319 MYA

Question 2

What are seed plants evolved from?

Answer 2

Spore-bearing plants known as progymnosperms

Question 3

What is the primary advantage of seeds?

Answer 3

Protects and provides food for embryo

Question 4

What is a seed?

Answer 4

Care packages for the new plant containing DNA, RNA, a few proteins, a multicellular embryo, and a store of nutrients

Question 5

What does the endosperm in seeds store?

Answer 5

Macro molecules like carbohydrates and lipids

Question 6

What protects the embryo in seeds?

Answer 6

Integument

Question 7

What is the difference between spores and seeds?

Answer 7

Spores are haploid, smaller, and have no extra storage structures; seeds are diploid, larger, and have extra storage structures

Question 8

What are the two kinds of gametophytes?

Answer 8

• Male gametophytes (pollen grains) * Female gametophytes (develop within an ovule)

Question 9

What are the five phyla of extant seed plants?

Answer 9

• Gymnosperms * Angiosperms

Question 10

What does the term ‘gymnosperms’ mean?

Answer 10

‘Naked seed’ with no flower or fruit

Question 11

What are the four living groups of gymnosperms?

Answer 11

• Coniferophytes * Cycadophytes * Gnetophytes * Ginkgophytes

Question 12

What is the tallest living vascular plant?

Answer 12

Coastal redwood

Question 13

What is the oldest living tree?

Answer 13

Bristlecone pine

Question 14

What are the characteristics of pines?

Answer 14

• Tough needlelike leaves in clusters * Thick cuticle and recessed stomata * Canals with resin

Question 15

Where do female pine cones form?

Answer 15

On the upper branches of the same tree

Question 16

What are cycads?

Answer 16

Slow-growing gymnosperms of tropical and subtropical regions resembling palm trees

Question 17

What are gnetophytes known for?

Answer 17

Having three unusual genera: Welwitschia, Ephedra, and Gnetum

Question 18

What is the only living species of ginkgophytes?

Answer 18

Ginkgo biloba

Question 19

What defines angiosperms?

Answer 19

Flowering plants that have fruit

Question 20

What develops into fruit in angiosperms?

Answer 20

Carpel

Question 21

What are the unique features of angiosperms?

Answer 21

• Flower production * Insect pollination * Broad leaves with thick veins

Question 22

What is the oldest known angiosperm in the fossil record?

Answer 22

Archaefructus

Question 23

What are the parts of a flower organized in?

Answer 23

Whorls

Question 24

What does the innermost whorl of a flower consist of?

Answer 24

Gynoecium, which houses the female gametophyte

Question 25

What is double fertilization in angiosperms?

Answer 25

An embryo and a substantial, ready-made food source (endosperm)

Question 26

What are the two major groups of flowering plants?

Answer 26

* Monocots * Eudicots (or dicots)

Question 27

What is a defining feature of monocots?

Answer 27

Parallel veins in their leaves

Question 28

What distinguishes eudicots from monocots?

Answer 28

Leaves with branching veins and flower parts in fours or fives

Question 29

What are the three main types of plant tissues?

Answer 29

* Dermal * Ground * Vascular

Question 30

What is the function of dermal tissue?

Answer 30

Protective function on external surfaces

Question 31

What do parenchyma cells function in?

Answer 31

Storage, photosynthesis, and secretion

Question 32

What are the two types of vascular tissue?

Answer 32

* Xylem * Phloem

Question 33

What is the principal function of xylem?

Answer 33

Water conduction

Question 34

What is the principal food-conducting tissue in vascular plants?

Answer 34

Phloem

Question 35

What are meristems?

Answer 35

Clumps of small cells with dense cytoplasm and large nuclei that act as stem cells

Question 36

What does the apical meristem give rise to?

Answer 36

Primary tissues, collectively called the primary plant body

Question 37

What do lateral meristems produce?

Answer 37

Secondary tissues, collectively called the secondary plant body

Question 38

What is cork cambium responsible for?

Answer 38

Producing outer bark

Question 39

What does vascular cambium produce?

Answer 39

Secondary vascular tissue