Lecture 2 - Fractures of the upper limps Flashcards
(88 cards)
how is the indirect fracture of the scapula made
Causing fractures-avulsions of the acromion or coracoid process following a violent traction of electric shock
Ideberg classification tells us what?
the severity of fractures of the glenoid cavity
what are the location classifications of fractures of the scapula ?
- body
- spine
- neck
- glenoid fossa
- coracoid and acromion
where on the scapular are fractures most common ?
neck and body
Eyres classifcaition is a classification of what?
coracoid
what are the treatment of a nondisplaced scapula ?
immobilization for 2-6 weeks
* Dassault bandage
* Thoraco-brachial cast device
* Functional rehabilitation
Best indicated for
what treatment for an intraarticular fracture of the glenoid process ?
surgery
complications can be late and immediate, explain the immediate complications seen in clavicular fractures
○ Tegumentare
○ Vascular
○ Nervous
Pleuropulmonary
explain the common mechanism seen in clavicular fractures
Common in young and active people
Falling from high speed
Sports injuries
please classify the fractures of the clavicle according to the frequency
middle one is the most frequent spot for fracture
lateral one is the second most frequent spot for fracute
medial one is the third most frequent spot for fracture
what is the Neer classifciaiton -?
a classification of the serverity of fractures on the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
explain the clinical picture of clavicular fracture
- At middle clavicle = fallen shoulder
- Swollen
- Painful
- Bruising
Examination of vessels and nerves must be performed to avoid complications
explain the evolution of healing in a clavicular fracture
- Consolidate well
- Healing with shortening
Reduction is difficult to maintain
- Healing with shortening
complications can be late and immediate, explain the late complications seen in clavicular fractures
○ Vicious callus
○ Pseudarthrosis
Osteitis
explain the paraclinical examination of the calvicle
- X ray anterior posterior position
- For better view and decision of best treatment we do a 20 degree X ray of cephalic angulation of the radiological apparatus,
or incidences in 20 degrees of internal rotation of the shoulder, is required.
- For better view and decision of best treatment we do a 20 degree X ray of cephalic angulation of the radiological apparatus,
what are the treatment in case of nondisplaced clavicle fracgure ?
Usually orthopedically treated in a scarf or bandage 8 for 4-6 weeks.
where are screws and plates installed on the clavicle ?
upper edge
when is ostheosynthesis indicated for clavicular fractures ?
○ Displacement of more than 2 cm
○ Shortening of more than 2 cm
○ Comminution
○ Vascular and nerve involvement
○ Complicated fracturs
Open fractures
complications of the surgical treatment in clavicular fractures
- Infections
- Migration of osteosynthesis materials
- Nerve and vascular damage
- Skin lesion
Vicious callus and pseudarthrosis
explain mechanisms seen in fractures of the femoral epiphysis
osteoporotic in elderly
direct
indrect
explain the notion of the KOCHER classifcaition ?
it classifies the location of fractures in the proximal end of the humerus
anatomical neck
surgical neck
epiphyseal region
explain the notion of CODMAN classification ?
it divides the proximal humerus into key parts
a - greater tubercity
b - lesser tubercity
c - humeral head
d - humeral shaft
what are the effect of humeral head fractures on the glenohumeral joint?
Cartilage injury
Joint instability
Post traumatic arthritis
does humeral head fracture has a higher change of AVN compared to other fractrues of the humeral ?
yes