Lecture 2 - Jan 9

Question 1

what are the three planes and corresponding axes

Answer 1

frontal plane (Front/back) + saggital axois
saggital plane (L+R) + drontal axis

Transverse plane (top/bottom) + vertical axis

Question 2

what plane does flexion/estension occur in?

Answer 2

saggital plane - decreases increase angle with the frontal plane

Question 3

abduction/adduction is moving towards or away from the ____ plane but occurs in teh

Answer 3

saggital plane, occurs in the frontal plane

Question 4

overhead press occurs on the ___ and __ axis

Answer 4

saggital plane, frontal axis

Question 5

walking occurs in

Answer 5

saggital plane, frontal axis

Question 6

a jumping jack or cartwheel occurs in__ pland and __ axis

Answer 6

fronal plaen + saggital acis

Question 7

spinning, thjowring or gold seing occur in __ palne + __ axis

Answer 7

trasnver plane, vertical axis

Question 8

back squat occurs in ___ plane

Answer 8

saggital plabe

Question 9

straight arm lateral raise in ___ plane

Answer 9

frontal

Question 10

inversiob/eversion in ___ plane

Answer 10

frontal

Question 11

internal/external rotaion occurs in ___ plane

Answer 11

trasnverse

Question 12

horiziontal adduction/abuction

Answer 12

transverse

Question 13

what plaen do bench presss/pushup occur in? what are these movements called?

Answer 13

occur in the transiver plane - horizontal abduction/adduciton

Question 14

origin is ___ and insetion is ___

Answer 14

proxzimal, distal

Question 15

the agonist is the ___ while the antagonist is the __

Answer 15

agonsit is the prime mover and antagonist is for joint stabilizaiton/braking

Question 16

what are braking movements improtant for and what type of msucle performs these movements

Answer 16

protecting cartilaginous joint like biceps in throwing - braking at the end of movement by the anatagonist muscle protects catilaghinous joitns

Question 17

what is a synerist and what does it do?

Answer 17

assists indirectly in movement - hold multijoints with movements - for exmaple rectus femoris and gluteals in a squat

Question 18

what is a fixator and what does it do?

Answer 18

type of synergist that immobilizes origin of muscle so all tension is atinsetion point

Example of a fixator is the rotator cuff muscles. These muscles stabilize the shoulder joint, allowing the larger muscles (like the deltoid) to perform actions like arm abduction without the shoulder joint becoming unstable.

Question 19

what is the order of the load, fulcrum and effort for lever 1

Answer 19

Effort, fulcrum, load
putting head down - nodding yes

Question 20

what is the order of the load, fulcrum and effort for lever 2

Answer 20

effort load, fulcrum
calf raise
fulcrum is ball of foot, effort is calf, load is body weight on heel

Question 21

what is the order of the load, fulcrum and effort for lever 3

Answer 21

FEL, bicep curl

Question 22

what is def of stenght?

Answer 22

abilitty to exert force

Question 23

what is def of accelration?

Answer 23

chanege in velocity/unit time

Question 24

what is work

Answer 24

force x displcement

Question 25

what is power

Answer 25

work/time (force x velocity)

Question 26

hwon many bones in the skeletal system

Answer 26

206

Question 27

pelvic and shoudler girdle are apart of __ skeltal system

Answer 27

appendicular

Question 28

the verterbral colum consists of

Answer 28

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 3-5 cox

Question 29

exmaple of. along bone

Answer 29

tibia

Question 30

exampple of a shortbone

Answer 30

carapl/tarsals

Question 31

example of flat boens

Answer 31

frontal, parital bonesm hip bones,rib

Question 32

examples of irregular bones

Answer 32

vertebrae sacumr, cocyx

Question 33

xample sesamoid

Answer 33

posform of carpals, patella

Question 34

waht are the most common types of joints? what do these allow for?

Answer 34

synovial - allows dynami cmovement - gap allows free ROM and space for synovial fluid to lubraicate joint - knee joint, hip joint...

Question 35

what are fibrous joints and waht are the for?

Answer 35

tightly joined bones, little to no movement + provide stability ex: teeth

Question 36

what are cartilaginous joint for + what are they

Answer 36

formed wher ebone meets cartilalge or layer of cartilage betwen 2 bones - absorb shock and prvide smalll amount of flexiblity

Question 37

what are msucle cells called

Answer 37

myofibrils

Question 38

explain the levels of skeeltal msucualture starting from the epimysium (muscle)

Answer 38

epimysisum (muscle0 --> perimysium (fasicle) --> endomysic (myofiber): all continous with sarcolemms (membrane)

Question 39

what is the neruomuscular junction

Answer 39

where motor neuron meets msucle fibers to contracct

Question 40

what is sarcoplasm

Answer 40

cytoplasm of myofibrre - contains myobrils + other filaments + proteins, glycogen, fat particile, eznymes

Question 41

what are teh parts of a sarcomere?

Answer 41

A band, I band, M line, H zones, z disks sarcoplasmic reticulum (ca2+) ,t tubules, action potetinal

Question 42

myofibrils contain..

Answer 42

myofilamesnt myosin an daction mysinis the thick filame,t globular head, actin is the thin with double helix, surrode dby topnin and tropmysion crossbrisge cycling

Question 43

what is the sliding flament theory

Answer 43

myosin pulling on actin, teh sliding action shortens the msucle cauing contraction - Calcium is need to remove tropnin from tropmysoin

Question 44

does interaction occur between myosin and actin even when binding sites are covered

Answer 44

yes some inetracyion occurs but removal of tropinng and tropmyosin needed for strong bond

Question 45

explain excitation contraction coupling starting at the sarcplasmic reticulunm

Answer 45

SR is stimulated by action potentail, releases calcium, bind with tropnin to ermoe tropmyosin and crossbridge forms rapidly myosin pull actin to midline shortening msucle + producing force

Question 46

amoutn of force produced by a muscle at any time is directly related to ___

Answer 46

XB's cross sectionally

Question 47

what are 3 way we can produce mroe force or at greater velocity related to vrossbridgges

Answer 47

1. ideal sarcomere overlap 2. effective and frequen XB cycling 3. translation of neural signla to XB formation

Question 48

what can happen we disturb homeostasis with a training stimulus

Answer 48

it can stress the system resulting in an adaption if proper recovery is allowed, preparing it better for nect time the stimulus is applied

Question 49

How do we produce force (from mortor cortex to myosin head)

Answer 49

MAP from CNSmorotr cortex to sarcolemma, down t tubulues, exitee SR to release CA2+, ca binds to tropnin on actin moving tropmysoin, XB cycling, CA is uotaken and XB cycling stops

Question 50

what does maximal intesnity mean

Answer 50

the body is at its lomots an dhas been working at maximum capcity/stress

Question 51

what plane does a front squat occur in?

Answer 51

saggital

Question 52

what plan does lateral arm rais ovvur in

Answer 52

frontal plane