Lecture 2: Joint Ventures

Question 1

Function of Joints

Answer 1

1) allow skeletal movement; 2) provide mechanical support; 3) hold skeleton together

Question 2

Other Names for Joint

Answer 2

arthroses; articulations

Question 3

Joint (Arthrosis)

Answer 3

site where two or more bones meet (may or may not permit movement)

Question 4

Two bones may be in direct contact with each other or separated by:

Answer 4

cartilage; fluid; fibrous tissue

Question 5

Joints are classified by..

Answer 5

function (range of motion) and structure

Question 6

Functional Joint Types

Answer 6

1) synarthrosis; 2) amphiarthrosis; 3) diarthrosis

Question 7

Synarthrosis

Answer 7

an immovable joint

Question 8

Types of Synarthroses

Answer 8

1) suture; 2) gomphosis; 3) synchondrosis; 4) synostosis

Question 9

Gomphosis

Answer 9

a synarthrotic joint between teeth and the jaw bone at which a periodontal ligament holds the teeth (peg joint)

Question 10

Synchondrosis

Answer 10

a synarthrotic cartilaginous joint within the epiphysis of a bone that binds the diaphysis to the epiphysis

Question 11

Synostosis

Answer 11

a synarthrotic joint between two fused bones and/or the fusion of three coxal bones

Question 12

Squamous suture

Answer 12

most lateral suture on a parasagittal plane

Question 13

Coronal suture

Answer 13

suture across the top of the forehead

Question 14

Lambdoid suture

Answer 14

most posterior suture on the back of the skull (along the coronal plane)

Question 15

Aveolar process

Answer 15

thickened ridge of bone that holds teeth in mouth

Question 16

Amphiarthosis

Answer 16

slightly movable joint

Question 17

Types of Amphiarthosis

Answer 17

1) syndesmosis; 2) symphysis

Question 18

Syndesmosis

Answer 18

1) joint in which ligaments connect two bones but limit their motion (between radius and ulna; tibia and fibula); 2) may range from synarthrotic to amphiarthrotic, depending on fiber length

Question 19

Interosseous Membrane

Answer 19

syndesmosis between the radius and ulna

Question 20

Pubic Symphysis

Answer 20

symphysis between the coxal bones of the pelvis

Question 21

Diarthrosis

Answer 21

freely movable joint

Question 22

Synovial Joint

Answer 22

diarthrotic joint

Question 23

Location of Synovial Joints

Answer 23

at the end of long bones

Question 24

Structural Types of Joints

Answer 24

1) bony fusion; 2) fibrous joint; 3) cartilaginous joint; 4) synovial joint

Question 25

Bony Fusion

Answer 25

more than one bone that fuses together during development; synarthrotic immovable joints (synostoses)

Question 26

Fibrous Joint

Answer 26

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue; skull sutures

Question 27

Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 27

1) bones united by cartilage; 2) not highly movable; 3) no fluid-filled joint cavity

Question 28

Synovial Joint

Answer 28

1) bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity; 2) all diarthrotic; 3) includes all limb joints and most body joints; 4) have six basic characteristics

Question 29

Frontal Suture

Answer 29

bony fusion at the midline on the skull, between the orbitals

Question 30

Types of Fibrous Joints

Answer 30

1) Sutures; 2) Gomphoses; 3) Syndesmoses

Question 31

Sutures

Answer 31

1) rigid interlocking bone edge joints only in the skull; 2) immovable (synarthrotic) for brain protection; 3) contain short connective tissue fibers that allow for growth during youth; 4) ossify and fuse, forming synostoses in middle age

Question 32

Joint Type: Suture

Answer 32

fibrous synarthrotic joint

Question 33

Joint Type: Gomphoses

Answer 33

fibrous synarthrotic joint

Question 34

Joint Type: Syndesmoses

Answer 34

fibrous synarthrotic OR fibrous amphiarthrotic joint, depending on fiber length

Question 35

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 35

1) Symphyses; 2) Synchondroses

Question 36

Symphyses

Answer 36

1) joint at which fibrocartilage unites bone; 2) hyaline cartilage is additionally present to cushion ends of bones; 3) becomes and strong, flexible amphiarthroses

Question 37

Fibrocartilage

Answer 37

a cartilage type composed of a mix of white fibrous tissue (for strength) and cartilaginous tissue (for flexibility)

Question 38

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 38

transparent, firm cartilage made partly of collagen and found on many joint surfaces

Question 39

Joint Type: Pubic Symphysis

Answer 39

cartilaginous amphiarthrotic joint

Question 40

Coastal Cartilage

Answer 40

bars of hyaline cartilage that are meant to prolong the ribs foreward and contribute to elasticity in the walls of the thorax

Question 41

Joint Type: Growth Plate Joints

Answer 41

cartilaginous synarthrotic synchodroses

Question 42

Joint Type: Costal Cartilage

Answer 42

cartilaginous synarthrotic synchodrosis

Question 43

Six Characteristics of Synovial Joints

Answer 43

1) has a joint capsule 2) presence of articular cartilages 3) a joint cavity 4) synovial fluid 5) accessory structures (cartilage, ligaments, tendons, etc.) 6) sensory nerves and blood vessels

Question 44

Synovial Features: 1) Joint Capsule

Answer 44

made of two layers: fibrous layer (dense irregular connective tissue) and inner synovial membrane (loose connective tissue that makes synovial fluid)

Question 45

Synovial Features: 2) Articular Cartilage

Answer 45

hyaline cartilage that prevents crushing of bone ends

Question 46

Synovial Features: 3) Joint (Synovial) Cavity

Answer 46

small fluid filled space in joint

Question 47

Synovial Features: 4) Synovial Fluid

Answer 47

1) viscous, slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid; 2) lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage; 3) contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and dibris

Question 48

Synovial Features: 5) Reinforcing Ligaments

Answer 48

different types of ligaments that are either 1) capsular (thickened part of fibrous layer); 2) extracapsular (outside the capsule); or 3) intracapsular (deep to capsule, covered by synovial membrane)

Question 49

Synovial Features: 6) Nerves and Blood Vessels

Answer 49

nerves detect pain, monitor position and stretch while capillary beds supply filtrate for synovial fluid

Question 50

Accessory Synovial Joint Structures: Bursae

Answer 50

sacs lined with synovial membrane and fluid that roll and lessen friction during movement of bones, ligaments, muscles, skin, etc.

Question 51

Accessory Synovial Joint Structures: Tendon Sheaths

Answer 51

elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendons that are subjected to friction

Question 52

Accessory Synovial Joint Structures: Menisci (Articular Discs)

Answer 52

fibrocartilage that separates articular surfaces to improve fit of bone ends, stabilize joints and reduce wear and tear