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BPK 381 > Lecture 2: Organizations and Socialization > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Organizations and Socialization Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: internal validity

A

the degree to which results of the research can be attributed to the variables investigated rather than other possible explanations

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2
Q

Define: external validity

A

the degree to which findings can be applied in practice

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3
Q

Experimental research methods are conducted where?

A

Laboratory

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4
Q

What are quasi-experimental research methods?

A

Experiments conducted in house often by companies.

Subjects are manipulated in their natural setting

Less controlled than experimental design

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5
Q

Describe a field study

A
  • observational study that occurs in a natural environment allow the researcher to learn about the studied group or their actions
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6
Q

define: ethnography

A

researcher takes an active role in interaction with subject. researcher immerses self in workplace to understand it

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7
Q

define: meta-analysis

A

large scale re-analysis of literature covering a particular topic; discusses trends across different studies

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8
Q

define: systematic review

A

collection of literature covering a particular topic

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9
Q

define: reliability

A

consistency and stability of measure

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10
Q

define: test-retest reliability

A

when you re-conduct a test, will you get the same result?

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11
Q

define: equivalent form reliability

A

correlations of measures from sample of individuals completing two different forms of the test

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12
Q

internal consistency

A

test of consistency of multiple elements in a test

  • example: looking at the scores of odd number questions and even number questions
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13
Q

define: inter-rater reliabilty

A

consistency between evaluators and raters

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14
Q

define: validity

A

correctness of inferences made based on results of some measurement

does the measurement represent what we wanted it to measure?

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15
Q

define: construct validity

A
  • does the test measure the construct we are interested in studying? (intelligence, mental wellbeing, endurance, satisfaction)
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16
Q

define: criterion

A

evaluative standards by which something is assessed for the purpose of ascertaining their quality

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17
Q

define: predictor

A

test chosen or developed to assess attributes identified as important for successful job performance. Is a type of criterion based validity

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18
Q

define: criterion based validity

A

compare test to another known measure of accepted validity. To what degree is that valid?

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19
Q

define: concurrent validity

A

test is consistent with results from another test that measures the same behavior at the same time

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20
Q

define: predictive validity

A

can this measure predict another measure at a future date? can this measure predict another measure like performance?

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21
Q

define: content-related validity

A

is the content of the metric representative of what it is supposed to measure?

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22
Q

define: face validity

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A

Face Validity: Does the content in the metric seem to be a reasonable measure of the characteristic is purported to measure?

23
Q

Define: construct-related validity

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A

Construct-related validity: sum of criteria-related validity and content validity; the integration of evidence that supports interpretation of metrics

24
Q

define: deficiency

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A

degree to which predictor fails to overlap criteria, can be reduced but not eliminated

25
define: relevance
degree to which criterion and predictor coincide
26
define: contamination
predictor is unrelated to criteria
27
define: descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics: Ways of describing research data in a concise, meaningful manner
28
define: inferential statistics
Inferential statistics: Used to compare performance levels of the experimental group and the control group. Methods for analyzing data that express relationships (e.g., differences between groups) in terms of probabilities
29
define: mean
arithmetic average
30
define: median
score at the midpoint of a distribution
31
define: mode
value that appears the most frequently in a distribution
32
define: standard deviation
precise distance along the distribution's baseline
33
define: correlation coefficient
the strength of the relationship between two variables
34
define; sociotechnical systems
Sociotechnical systems (STS): Workplaces should be designed such that both people and technology coexist in harmony - created by Eric Trist who studied coal miners
35
What were Eric Trists findings when studying coal miners?
workers were placed far apart and managed by only one person - this did not lead to more productivity! workers were more bored.
36
What are the 3 major concepts of sociotechnical systems?
Responsible autonomy: management gives employees control over their work which creates a greater commitment to the firm. Adaptability: the way organizations respond to change Meaningfulness of task: satisfaction that workers receive over job; workers who do repetitive task have lower job satisfaction
37
define: organization
Organization: A group of people who have common goals and who follow a set of operating procedures to develop products and services
38
4 basic components to any organization
1. differentiated activities 2. people that perform tasks and people who hold authority 3. co-operation toward a goal 4. authority - a superior and subordinate relationship
39
5 keys to an organization's culture
- values - beliefs - myths/legends - traditions - norms
40
define: value
what does the org hold most important?
41
define: belief
what do people understand about the organization's way of work?
42
define: norms
collective group expectations
43
define: organizational climate
Organizational “climate”: A shared perception among employees regarding work their entity: organization, division, department or work group
44
how can you measure safety culture?
- leadership commitment - safety committee existence + compliance to regulations - performance evaluation related to safety - rewards related to safety
45
define: organizational socialization
process by which an employee becomes aware of the values and procedures of an organization
46
define: ASA
attraction, selection, attrition
47
how can organizations formally and informally socialize an employee to their organization
formally: training, performance reviews, manuals, workshops informally: going out to the bar with coworkers, watching how managers performance manage colleagues
48
3 stages of socialization
1. anticipatory socialization: being told about norms 2. encounter stage: when we encounter instances where the norm is displayed or enforced 3. metamorphosis: acceptance by the group and contribution to culture
49
define: role
set of connected behaviors, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation. ... It is an expected or free or continuously changing behavior and may have a given individual social status or social position.
50
5 aspects of roles
1. impersonal: determined by position 2. related to task/job 3. difficult to pin down 4. several roles are possible. 5. produces a behaviour change
51
define: given role
Given role: impacted by authority (supervisor), performance evaluation, and job description
52
define: taken role
Taken role: impacted by how person enacts role and their behaviour, role ideal, daily routine
53
What is a role episode and give some examples
how a person learns their role and group expectations - expectations are communicated by manager - performance management - scenario comes up where they must exert their responsibilties
54
benefits of socialization
1. increased role performance. 2. extra roles are learned 3. social cohesion 4. internal stability 5. external presentation

BPK 381 (9 decks)

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