Lecture 2 Overview of Abdominal organs- Smith

Question 1

What does the liver do?

Answer 1

Makes bile
Breaks down alcohol, ammonia, and drugs
Phagocytize bacteria and red  and white blood cells
Stores vitamins, iron, and glucose
Synthesizes proteins and amino acids

Question 2

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 2

Stores bile

Question 3

Where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm at?

Answer 3

Slightly to the left of midline at esophageal hiatus at about T10

Question 4

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 4

20 feet long

Question 5

What does the duodenum surround?

Answer 5

the head of the pancreas

Question 6

4 parts of the duodenum

Answer 6

Superior, descending, horizontal (transverse), ascending

Question 7

what doest the small intestine extend from?

Answer 7

the pyloric sphincter of the stomach

Question 8

How much food/water can the stomach hold?

Answer 8

2-4 liters

Question 9

What junction does the jejunum begin at?

Answer 9

duodenojejunal junction

Question 10

Where does the ileum end?

Answer 10

ileocecal junction

Question 11

Which part is longer Jejunum or ileum?

Answer 11

Ileum is about 3/5 long 12’ long….

Jejunum is 2/5 long 8’

Question 12

3 functions or the small intestine?

Answer 12

chemical digestion (complete digestion of carbs, proteins, fats, & nucleic acids), mechanical digestion (bile seperates fat into smaller fat globules), and absorption

Question 13

How much nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine?

Answer 13

90% of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine

Question 14

What are the 4 parts of the colon?

Answer 14

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Question 15

What are the bends of the colon called?

Answer 15

Right colic hepatic flexure

Left colic splenic flexure

Question 16

What is the line that runs along the colon?

Answer 16

Tenia coli

Question 17

Large intestine functions?

Answer 17

Haustral contractions for mechanical digestion, bacterial ferementation for chemical digestion

Question 18

Pancreas functions?

Answer 18

Exocrine portion: produce digestive enzymes

Endocrine portion: produce hormones to raise and lower blood glucose

Question 19

Spleen function?

Answer 19

Adults:
Production of antibodies
phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out or damaged red blood cells & platelets
reservoir for blood platelets

Question 20

Function of kidney?

Answer 20

produce hormones
absorb materials
filter blood
produce urine

Question 21

Kidney is positioned between ________ and posterior wall of the abdomen hence the name retroperitoneal.

Answer 21

peritoneum

Question 22

What type of connective tissue is in the suprarenal glands?

Answer 22

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 23

Function of the adrenal gland?

Answer 23

The cortex & medulla secrete different hormones (steroid hormones and DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)

Question 24

parietal Peritoneum function?

Answer 24

serous membrane lining of abdominopelvic cavity walls

Question 25

visceral peritoneum function?

Answer 25

covers external surfaces of most diegestive organs.

Question 26

peritoneal cavity?

Answer 26

potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneal layers

Question 27

List the Retroperitoneal organs. 9 of them

Answer 27

``` S- Suprarenal glands A- Abdominal aorta & IVC D- Duodenum (2nd &4th parts) P- Pancreas (except tail) U- Ureters C- Colon (ascending and descending) K- Kidneys E- Esophagus (lower 2/3) R- Rectum ```

Question 28

_________ ligament connects liver to diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall.

Answer 28

Falciform

Question 29

_________ ligament connects spleen to stomach

Answer 29

Gastrosplenic

Question 30

Peritoneal fold connecting lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum to the liver

Answer 30

Lesser omentum

Question 31

2 ligaments of the peritoneum that belong to the lesser omentum

Answer 31

Hepatogastric ligament (weak), hepatoduodenal ligament.

Question 32

These structures run through the hepatoduodenal ligament.

Answer 32

Proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct

Question 33

This structure hangs down from stomach in front of loops of jejunum and ileum and consists of 4 peritoneal layers

Answer 33

Greater Omentum

Question 34

peritoneal fold suspending the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall.

Answer 34

mesentery of small intestine

Question 35

Which umbilical fold/ ligament runs straight up to belly button from bladder (carried urine as a fetus)?

Answer 35

Median Umbilical fold

Question 36

Which umbilical fold used to carry arteries for deoxygenated blood in fetus to belly button?

Answer 36

Medial umbilical fold.

Question 37

What 5 nerves are involved in the peritoneum?

Answer 37

Phrenic, lower 5 intercostals, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

Question 38

If there is a pain in the umbilical region what dermatome will it be reflected in?

Answer 38

T10, look at one of the lower intercostal nerves for problems.

Question 39

What does the phrenic innervate?

Answer 39

Phrenic sends pain to shoulder region which is in dermatomes C3,4,&5.