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Computers First Year > Lecture 2- Overview of Health Informatics > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Overview of Health Informatics Flashcards

1
Q

Which fields are rapidly increasing?

A

Healthcare data
Medical specialities and subspecialities
Different techniques for examination and testing
Medical information and knowledge

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2
Q

Medical specialities and subspecialities

A

Use to only be cardiothoracic surgery

Now we have specialty in heart valve

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3
Q

Many different techniques for examination and testing

A

Knee reflex test for nervous system

Blood screening for HIV

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4
Q

Medical information and knowledge

A

More and more phenomena found - steep increase

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5
Q

Why must healthcare data be managed properly?

A 
So we have 
Less errors
More effective
More efficient 
Healthcare system
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6
Q

Medical errors

A

Annually many people die due to medical errors
Cost health care system a lot of money
Better and improved system will save millions of dollars

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7
Q

Information hierarchy (pyramid)

A 
How 
Wisdom
Knowledge 
Information 
Data 
Are ranked by status
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8
Q

Data

A

Unorganised and unprocessed facts that don’t change over time
Mean nothing and have many meanings
80/120 are test results of BP?

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9
Q

Information

A

Aggregation of Data that makes decision making easy
Has meaning and represents something
80/120 is blood pressure
Answers Who What When Where.
Health informatics doesn’t have enough information

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10
Q

Knowledge

A

Includes facts about things that exist in the real world and the relationship between them
If the levels of antigen C increases, the patient may have prostate cancer
Knowledge means to understand something and is gained through experience
Answers How

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11
Q

Wisdom

A

Resembles principles, Insight and moral combination of knowledge
If levels of antigen C rises, it doesn’t have to mean that the patient has prostate cancer, may be due to an infection too
Wisdom allows us to differentiate
Answers Why
Gained through years of experience

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12
Q

Healthcare informatics

A

Science of combining healthcare data into information to derive knowledge and create wisdom

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13
Q

Healthcare informatics

A

Study of how healthcare data, information, knowledge are collected, processed, communicated, and used to the support of healthcare delivery of clients, providers, administers, and organisations in health dilevery

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14
Q

Health informatics is an interdisciplinary science

A

Information science
Computer science
Healthcare data

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15
Q

Informatics

A

Study of how technology transforms people and how people transform tech

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16
Q

Health informatics handles

A

1- Various resources
Devices
Methods to maximise the efficiency of data capturing, retrieval and use of information in health

2- Mixture of people, organisations, problems, illness, patient care and treatment

3- Tools which not only include computers but also
Clinical guidelines
Formal medical terminology
Information and communication systems

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17
Q

HI applied in

A 
Pharmacy 
Public health
Nursing 
Dentistry 
Medicine
Medical imagine
Veterinary 
Bioinformatics- concerned with biological data, particularly DNA and genomic information
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18
Q

One main application of HI

A 
Electronic health record EHR a collection of patient data 
E stored health information in digital format 
Includes 
Patient demography data
Medical history
Medication and allergies
Immunisation status
Lab test results
Radiology images
Vital signs 
Personal stats (age, weight)

PMMILRVP

19
Q

Informatics vs Information technology

A

Informatics; harness the power of information technology to expedite the transfer and analysis of data, leading to improved efficiencies and knowledge
Emphasis on process of info, manipulation and use of information

Information technology; application of computers in healthcare settings

20
Q

Information brokerage

A

The sharing of a variety of information back and forth between people and healthcare entities

21
Q

Key elements of informatics

A 
Acquisition
Storage
Communication
Manipulation
Display
22
Q

Acquisition

A

by capturing data and taking care to strive for quality, the system must capture data and save it quickly.

23
Q

Storage

A

Data must be saved and retrieved easily. EHR is used.

24
Q

Communication

A

Data need to be moved from one point of collection to storage, for analysis, and finally to the point of use (able to move data from one location to another)

25
Manipulation
Data needs to be edited and manipulated and combined to other data Eg one surgeon may diagnose the patient with asthma, the pharmacist of the patient may update the patient’s info with different medicines
26
Display
Data shown in an easy and understandable way so can be used usefully
27
Information -> technology -> healthcare functions
1- Collection of data External; data from one hospital is transferred to your hospital Internal; data from inside your hospital This data is processed into devices and technologies through networks, internet, hospital information systems. Lab info is saved in a hospital database. 2- Database is based in each department Networks; internet, HIS, LIS, RIS 3- The health care organisation will get the benefits or functions which are Good patient care Completed medical records Full databases Ancillary services: pharmacy, labs, in addition to the research
28
What are the effects of health informatics?
``` Improve; communication and continuity of care Quality of care Clinician productivity Return in investment ``` Reduce; Medical errors and litigation Duplication of tests Standardise; Medical care by individuals and organisations Accelerate; Care and administrative transactions Protect; Privacy and ensure security
29
Main player: Patient
1- Online searches for health info Best choice of physician and hospital 2- Smartphone technology for text message reminder, internet access health and fitness application 3- Web portals for storing medical information, making appointment, checking lab results and drug refill 4- Use of Web 2.0 and online chatting which allows the patient to contact his/her doctor easily
30
Main player: Clinicians and nurses
1- Online searcher with PubMed, google and other trusted search engines 2- Online resourced and digital libraries 3- EHR, decision support system (DSS) and PACS (picture archiving and communications system) 4-Smartphone with medical terminology and remote access to EHR
31
Who are the main key players of HI?
``` Patient Clinicians Nurses Hospitals Support staff ```
32
Main player: Hospitals
``` EHR E prescribing PACS E library E coding and billing Wireless technology ```
33
Main player: Support staffing
Patient Enrolment E appointment E scheduling
34
Key organisation: IOM Institute of medicine
``` HIT implanted to achieve Safe Effective Patient centred Timely Efficient Equitable medical care ```
35
Key organisation: Association of American medical college (AAMC)
Advocates for incorporating informatics into medical school curricula 1- optimise health and healthcare through best practice information management 2- enable continuous and life-long performance-based learning 3- create tools and resources to support discovery, innovation, dissemination, Build and operate a robust information environment that simultaneously enables Healthcare Foresters learning Advances sciences
36
Other organisations: Federal government
Department of health and human services DHSS Agency for Healthcare Research and quality AHRQ Centres for Medicare and Medicaid services CMS Centres for disease control and prevention CDC Health resources and services administration HRSA
37
Other organisations: Public and private
``` Bridges to excellence eHealth initiative Leapfrog Marble connecting for health National eHealth collaborative NeHC Healthcare information technology standards panel HITSP ```
38
Government initiatives: Health information technology for economic and clinical health (HITECH) act
1- achieve adoption and information exchange through meaningful use of health IT 2- improve care and population health and reduce healthcare costs through use of health it 3- inspire confidence and trust in health IT 4- empower individuals with health IT to improve their health and the healthcare system 5- achieve rapid learning and technological advancement
39
Barriers to HI
``` Inadequate time (busy docs) Inadequate info (less data to info) Inadequate expertise and workforce Funding Change in workflow Lack of professional personal Privacy (HIPAA 1996 health insurance portability and accountability act) Legal Behavioural change Too much hype Lack of interoperability ```
40
Key challenges to Kuwait’s healthcare system
Disconnected of health information systems 1- No focal point for patient information, fragmented info, different medical cases 2- No communication between hospital clinics and poly clinics Low quality of info causing inconsistencies and errors Patient aren’t part of the flow- no control or participation
41
The following will be affected without a good HI system
Patient management X-ray, lab systems, MR system Accounting Planning and strategies
42
Health records
Understand diseases and treatment Develop and test treatments Ensure right patient receive right intervention Service delivery and performance assessment
43
Health records
Main source of all patient medical info May utilise of tremendous volume of data Information available in these medical records The only and best way to improve the clinical practice, quality of patient care, and management of cases is through scientific investigation
44
Decisions determine data
- understanding diseases and treatment Standards based formalisation of clinical data and research results - develop and test treatments Patient- specific decision making to optimise and personalise treatment - ensure right patients receive right intervention Manage safe workflow, professional communication and security - service delivery, performance assessment Clinical engagement, post marketing surveillance, data mining

Computers First Year (3 decks)

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