lecture-2-pleural-cavity-&-lungs

Question 1

parietal pleura

Answer 1

outer layer somatic sensation - acute perception to pain and pressure

usually localized

can be referred

Question 2

visceral pleura

Answer 2

inner layer visceral sensation - poor/no perception of pain; felt via autonomic fibers POORLY localized lack of sensation in the visceral pleura = why tumors are NOT felt untill they are large

Question 3

pleural cavity

Answer 3

space between parietal and visceral pleura filled with capillary fluid pressure in cavity allowing lung to expand

Question 4

pleural effusion

Answer 4

buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 5

pleura is ____ ribs (above/below) the lungs

Answer 5

pleura is __2__ ribs _BELOW_ the lungs

Question 6

mid-inspiration the INFERIOR BORDERS of the LUNG and PLEURA cross these ribs at indicated reference lines

Answer 6

Lungs

Midclavicular 6

midaxillary 8

scapular 10

Pleura

Midclavicular 8

midaxillary 10

scapular 12

Question 7

Right lung: fissures lobes

Answer 7

oblique and horizontal fissures

3 lobes - upper, middle, lower

upper = anterior

lower = posterior

Question 8

Left lung: fissures lobes

Answer 8

oblique fissure

2 lobes:

upper and lower

upper = anterior

lower = posterior

Question 9

which lung makes room for the heart

Answer 9

left

Question 10

which lung has the lingula

Answer 10

left

Question 11

which lung has the cardiac notch

Answer 11

left

Question 12

where is the lingula located?

Answer 12

at the INFERIOR part of the SUPERIOR LOBE of the LEFT lung

Question 13

when listening to respirations on the ANTERIOR chest, stethoscope is placed where?

Answer 13

more superiorly (upper lobe)

Question 14

when listening to respirations on the POSTERIOR chest, stethoscope is placed where?

Answer 14

more inferiorly (lower lobe)

Question 15

the trachea divides into the right and left (primary/main) bronchi at what landmark?

Answer 15

sternal angle of louis (2nd rib)

Question 16

what causes the cough reflex

Answer 16

carina when the ridge where the bronchi divide is irritated = cough reflex

Question 17

aspirated objects are more likely to lodge in the

Answer 17

aspirated objects are more likely to lodge in the __ RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS___

***because it is wider and more vertically in line with the trachea

Question 18

pulmonary Arteries are

Answer 18

intrAsegmental

Question 19

pulmonary vEins are

Answer 19

intErsegmental

Question 20

bronchiole

Answer 20

without cartilage

have alveoli

Question 21

Answer 21

pleural effusion

Question 22

Answer 22

aspirated object

Question 23

Answer 23

hemi-diaphragm

Question 24

parasympathetic innervation of the lungs

Answer 24

vagus nerve

aka cranial nerve X

vasodilates lung vessels

bronchoconstricts

increases mucus

returns body to peaceful state

Question 25

sympathetic innervation of the lungs

Answer 25

sympathetic chain vasoconstricts systematic vessels (incr. blood pressure, HR, Stroke Volume) VasoDILATES coronary arteries (incr. Blood flow in Heart) bronchodilates (incr. air flow) decreases mucus

Question 26

Diaphragm innervation

Answer 26

Phrenic Nerve (C3, C4, C5) "C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive" Motor N. to diaphragm sensory to diaphragm sensory to mediastinal pleura

Question 27

Diaphragm injury results in ______ pain

Answer 27

Diaphragm injury results in \_\_\_REFERRED\_\_\_ pain

Question 28

Diaphragm injury Sensation is felt in the \_\_\_\_

Answer 28

Diaphragm injury Sensation is felt in the \_\_\_NECK and SHOULDERS\_\_\_ *think brachial plexus*

Question 29

Diaphragm \_\_(rises/drops)\_\_ during inspiration to \_\_(increase/decrease)\_\_ thoracic volume

Answer 29

Diaphragm \_\_(rises/**_DROPS_**)\_\_ during inspiration to \_\_(**_INCREASES_**/decrease)\_\_ thoracic volume

Question 30

if the phrenic nerve is damage then a hemi-diaphragm will appear _______ on chest x-ray on THAT side

Answer 30

if the phrenic nerve is damage then a hemi-diaphragm will appear **\_\_ELEVATED\_\_** on chest x-ray on THAT side

Question 31

list the respiratory msucles involved in inspiration

Answer 31

Diaphragm Intercostals Neck Pectoralis Minor

Question 32

list the respiratory msucles involved in expiration

Answer 32

Relaxation

Question 33

list the respiratory msucles involved in FORCED expiration

Answer 33

abdominal muscles

Question 34

Pneumothorax

Answer 34

outside air gets into PLEURAL CAVITY Lung shrinks (due to high degree of elastic recoil) Mediastinum shifts to one side ==\> stopping blood flow to the heart

Question 35

Open Pneumothorax

Answer 35

air gets in and out of cavity lung odes not expand SUCKING SOUND

Question 36

Closed / Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 36

"valve-like" opening in chest wall/lung air cannot escape pleural cavity during expiration

Question 37

Treatment for Pneumothorax

Answer 37

Thoracocentesis place hollow instrument at 2ND or 3RD ICS to remove fluid, blood, or pus

Question 38

Lung Cancer Pain in shoulder

Answer 38

Pancoast syndrome tumor grows upward

Question 39

Lung cancer Difficulty lifting arm

Answer 39

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Vena Cava is compressed by tumor

Question 40

Answer 40

Left Sided Tension Pneumothorax mediastinum, heart, trachea deviate to opposite side Lung collapsed on side of lesion

Question 41

Chylothorax

Answer 41

Lymph