Lecture 2 (Week 1B) - Lymphocyte Formation

Question 1

The cells of the immune system work as

Answer 1

an INTEGRATED DEFENSE system to eliminate or control an infectious agent

Question 2

The immune system provides

Answer 2

LONG-LASTING PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 3

Pathogens target various

Answer 3

compartments of the body

which require different host defense mechanisms for eradication

Question 4

Extracellular host defense mechanisms

Answer 4

blood, lymph, interstitial spaces
• antibodies
• complement
• phagocytosis

epithelial surfaces
• antibodies (IgA)
• antimicrobial peptides

Question 5

Antibodies abbreviation

Answer 5

IgA

Ab

Question 6

Intracellular host defense mechanisms

Answer 6

cytoplasmic
• cytoxic T cells
• NK cells

vesicular
• T cell-dependent macrophage activation

Question 7

Immunogen

Answer 7

anything which elicits an immune response

Question 8

Antigen

Answer 8

anything recognized by a
• B cell receptor (antibody or
• T cell receptor

Question 9

An antigen is a part

Answer 9

of something which our bodes may encounter
• bacteria
• virus
• fungi
• parasite
• food protein
• pollen 
etc

Question 10

All immunogens are

Answer 10

all immunogens are antigens
BUT
all antigens are not immunogens

Question 11

Hapten

Answer 11

injected into an animal = no immune response

eg DNP

Question 12

A hapten is

Answer 12

a hapten is a antigen, but it is NOT an immunogen

Question 13

Protein carrier

Answer 13

injected into animal = anti-BSA Ab

eg BSA

Question 14

Hapten-carrier

Answer 14

congugate injected into animal =
anti-BSA Ab
anti-DNP Ab
eg DNP-BSA

Question 15

Epitopes

Answer 15

immunologicallly active parts of an antigen

Question 16

Antibodies (Abs) can bind to

Answer 16

epitopes on antigens

Question 17

The lymphoid system

Answer 17

• primary lymphoid tissue

* secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 18

Primary lymphoid tissue

Answer 18

where lymphocytes are made
• Thymus - T cells
• Bone marrow - B cells and NK cells

Question 19

B of B cell

Answer 19

is for Bursa (the primary lymphoid tissue for B cells in birds)
• NOT FOR BONE-MARROW

Question 20

Bursa

Answer 20

the primary lymphoid tissue for B cells in birds

Question 21

Secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 21

where immune responses occur
• lymph nodes
• spleen
• tonsils
• Peyer's patches (gut)
• appendix

Question 22

Primary lymphoid tissue size

Answer 22

size is antigen-independent

Question 23

Secondary lymphoid tissue size

Answer 23

size is antigen-dependent

eg secondary lymphoid tissue in the gut

Question 24

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 24

allow fluid to drain from the tissues into lymph nodes
• the lymphatic system is designed to get antigens into lymph nodes, where the antigens can stimlate T cells and B cells

• “draining lymph node”
• afferent lymphatic vessel

Question 25

The lymphatic system is designed to

Answer 25

get antigens into lymph nodes, where the antigens can stimulate T cells and B cells • "draining lymph node" • afferent lymphatic vessel

Question 26

T and B cells reside in

Answer 26

different parts of the lymph nodes • T cells = paracortex • b cells • germinal center

Question 27

High Endothelial Venule (HEV)

Answer 27

HEVs are specialized post-capillary venous swellings that allow circulating lymphocytes to leave the blood and enter the lymph nodes

Question 28

The spleen is the lymphoid tissue which

Answer 28

samples antigens in the blood | • splenectomised individuals are more susceptible to blood infections = septicaemia

Question 29

Splenectomised individuals are more susceptible to blood infections = septicaemia

Answer 29

blood infections = septicaemia

Question 30

Splenic structure

Answer 30

white pulp • primary follicle • marginal zone • periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) artery and vein

Question 31

In mammals, B cells develop from

Answer 31

``` stem cells in the bone marrow • stem cells --> • Pro-B cells --> • Pre-B cells --> • immature B cells (--> mature naive B cells) ```

Question 32

B cells become

Answer 32

plasma cells which produce huge amounts of diverse antibodies

Question 33

Plasma cells produce

Answer 33

huge amounts of diverse antibodies

Question 34

T cells recognize antigens using their

Answer 34

T Cell Receptor (TCR) • αβ TCR - TCRβ -TCRα • γδ TCR - TCRγ - TCRδ

Question 35

T cells are generated in

Answer 35

the thymus | a primary lymphoid tissue

Question 36

Thymus structure

Answer 36

cortex (outside) | medulla (inner part)

Question 37

The thymic gland ... with ...

Answer 37

involutes with age

Question 38

All T cells develop from

Answer 38

a common bone marrow-derived progenitor in the thymus

Question 39

After eg a serious cut, dendritic cells to go

Answer 39

the draining lymph nodes