lecture 20-23 Flashcards
(42 cards)
Q: What does “Caliph” mean in Islam?
A: Successor to the Prophet Muhammad
Q: Who was Abu Bakr about Muhammad?
A: His father-in-law
Q: What does the Persian term “shah” mean?
A: King or leader of the Persian Empire
Q: What is the Islamic concept of “jihad”?
A: Fighting evil by an army
Q: What three powers were being replaced in early Islamic history?
A: Islamic South, Byzantine East, Latin Christian West
Q: What was the language of education in classical times?
A: Attic Greek
Q: What are “unicals”?
A: Capital letters
Q: What is “minuscule script”?
A: Lowercase letters
Q: What did texts switch from and to in terms of material?
A: From plant material to parchment
Q: What dynasty replaced the Umayyads in Damascus?
A: The Abbasid dynasty
Q: To which regions did Islam spread?
A: Sicily, Uzbekistan, Iran, Pakistan
Q: Who opposed the Sunni majority?
The Shiitites
Q: Who were the Mamluks?
A: Mercenary soldiers
Q: Who rejected Arabic astronomy?
Aristotle
Q: Who were “dhimmis” under Umar?
A: Christians and Jews who paid a poll tax
Q: How was Spain divided during Islamic rule?
A: Between Christian kingdoms and Muslim Andalusia
Q: What was Teotihuacan?
A: A large farming society ruled by warriors and the center of Mesoamerica
Q: How did Islam affect Christians in Muslim Spain?
A: They forgot Latin, stopped eating pork, veiled women, and were viewed as infidels
Q: What crops formed the foundation of Mesoamerican farming?
A: Maize, beans, squash, and chili peppers
Q: Which gods were served in Mesoamerican religions?
A: Rain god, water goddess, fire god, sun god, moon god, and feathered serpent
Q: What was the Pyramid of the Sun dedicated to?
A: The sun god
Q: What was sacrificed at the Pyramid of the Moon?
A: One human, cats, and eagles
Q: What happened at the Temple of Quetzalcoatl?
A: Poisoned or strangled human sacrifices and royal ceremonies
Q: Where does the history of the Aztecs begin?
A: In Tula
