Lecture 20: Personality Disorders Flashcards
(40 cards)
what is personality?
what is nature vs nurture
nature= innate temperament (disposition), genetic
nurture= character is acquired
nature and nurture elicit traits– these traits become personality
what is important for diagnosis
social interaction
what are core features of personality disorders
- functional inflexibility= can’t adapt to situations
- self-defeating= other people’s reactions are damaging to self
- unstable when stressed= emotional, beh and cog instability
what is overall PDs feature
- lack of insight: can’t realise dysfunctional part of their personality
- can’t reflect
- don’t realise they’re causing trouble
- don’t think they’re wrong
DSM-5 PD
enduring pattern of inner experience + beh that:
- deviates from expectations of ind. culture
- inflexible
- onset in childhood
- stable overtime
- leads to distress (distress from consequences of beh)
ex. why aren’t people listening to me, my ideas are so
great
DSM-5 General PD
- sig. impairment in self (identity) + interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning
- 1 or more pathological personality trait domains
- these features must be:
- stable over time, consistent across situations
- not better understood as normative for person’s env
- not due to direct physiological effects of substance or
general medical condition
what are the 2 classifications systems
DMS-5 + ICD-10
DSM-5
10 PDs categorised in 3 clusters
ICD-10
9 PDs– but not clustered + with diff labels
- ex. antisocial= dissocial
cluster A (DSM-5 PDs)
(odd, eccentric– abnormal)
- paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
cluster B
(dramatic, emotional)
- antisocial
- borderline
- histrionic
- narcissistic
cluster C
(anxious, fearful)
- avoidant
- dependent
- obsessive-compulsive
what is categorical approach to PDs
categorical= DSM-5
- assumes that PD represents distinct clinical syndromes
- advantage= clear, easy to tell info
dimensional approach?
healthy personality functioning–> some problematic traits–> many problematic traits–> PD–> serious PD–> extreme PD
DSM-IV: multi-axial system
Axis 1 + Axis 2
what is Axis 1
major clinical disorders w/ acute symptoms= need treatment
what is Axis 2
personality disorders
- early age of onset
- affect daily functioning
- involve identity
- not self-aware
- lower treatment response
limitations of multi-axial system?
- co-occurence of symptoms
- unreliable diagnosis
- no scientific evidence
4 features of cluster A
- introverted
- isolate themselves
- suspicious
- prominent in childhood
Paranoid PD
- consistent + pervasive pattern of distrust, suspiciousness, grudge for long time
- think others are deceptive= can’t trust
- always think someones gonna get them
- feel vulnerable
- can’t let guard down
- always expect worst
- lots of jealousy
- could harm others
- hard to build close relationships
- not delusional
- get rly angry to insults
- misinterprets comments
- 2/3 meet criteria for other PDs
- schizotypal, narcissistic, borderline, avoidant
Schizoid PD
- not interested in social relationships
- withdraw from world
- keep distance from others
- v detached– can’t connect with people– can see them, but can’t establish connection
- feel overwhelmed by others
- hate social interaction
- v avoidant
- not introverted or emotionally anxious– just not interested in people
- cold, distant, love yourself
- anhedonia= can’t feel pleasure
- comorbid w/ schizotypal + avoidant PDs
Avoidant PD
- prevalent social inhibition
- discomfort in social situations
- feelings of inadequacy
- low self-esteem
- hypersensitivity to criticism
- disapproval
- shame
- rejection
- avoid contact and groups
- socially incompetent, unappealing, inferior to others
- comorbid w/ dependent PD, Axis 1 mood, anxiety, eatinf disorders
Dependent PD
- prevalent–> need to be taken care of
- scared of being incapable of doing stuff on their own
- heavy reliance on others
- lack self confidence, need reassurance
- often in abusive relationships– fear abondonment
dependent PD: what is self view
weak, needy, helpless, incompetent
