lecture 20 (test 2)

Question 1

binaural integration happens above the

Answer 1

cochlear nucleus

Question 2

the primary site of binaural difference coding is the

Answer 2

superior olive

Question 3

the superior olive contains

Answer 3

MSO and LSO

Question 4

where is the first place info from 2 ears converge

Answer 4

superior olive

Question 5

is the auditory cortex binaural

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

the old model of MSO sound location

Answer 6

0 degrees azimuth would meet at middle neuron (neuron 4)

Question 7

The new model of MSO sound location

Answer 7

delay when the basilar membrane has activated

the difference in these 2-time points is the length of the axons

Question 8

Jeffress cross-correlation model

Answer 8

says time difference between ears is because of when the wave reaches a certain frequency

Question 9

what causes different sections of MSO to activate

Answer 9

different frequencies

Question 10

Interaural Level Difference

Answer 10

higher frequency increases ILD
sound pressure decreases with distance
head shadow

Question 11

where is the ILD the greatest

Answer 11

90 degrees

Question 12

if sound presented on the left what is the LSO activity

Answer 12

left LSO= excitation

right LSO= inhibition

Question 13

LSO is a ______ in the ______

Answer 13

relay station

brain stem

Question 14

cone of confusion

Answer 14

two sounds arriving at each ear at the same time

Question 15

cone of confusion solution

Answer 15

turn head

Question 16

relative intensity

Answer 16

closer sound of the same intensity are louder

Question 17

as the object gets farther away we are

Answer 17

bad at detecting distance of the sound source

Question 18

spectral composition

Answer 18

when sounds are far away, high frequencies decrease in energy more than low frequencies

Question 19

when a sound source is near most of the energy reaching the ear is

Answer 19

direct

Question 20

loss of vision can cause

Answer 20

occipital lobe being recruited for auditory uses

fMRI

Question 21

T or F: some blind people can echolocate

Answer 21

True

Question 22

overtones provide information about

Answer 22

the timbre (quality of the sound)

Question 23

the problem of the missing fundamental

Answer 23

remove fundamental harmonic

they still hear the fundamental frequency stimulus that does not exist

Question 24

frequency theory

Answer 24

all harmonics of a fundamental frequency have common fluctuations in sound pressure at regular intervals that correspond to the fundamental

Question 25

pitch is associated with the

Answer 25

lowest common denominator

Question 26

timbre

Answer 26

perceptual quality that allows us to tell instruments apart

Question 27

differences in timbre are accounted for

Answer 27

by differences in frequency spectra

Question 28

attack

Answer 28

how long it takes a sound to reach it max intensity

Question 29

decay

Answer 29

how long it takes for the sound energy to dissipate and stop

Question 30

auditory scene analysis (ASA)

Answer 30

all sound waves from one enviroment are summed together in a single complex sound wave

Question 31

spatial segregation

Answer 31

sounds that come from same location in space and time typically come from same source

Question 32

spectral segregation

Answer 32

sounds with similar pitches are treated as coming from the same source

Question 33

temporal segregation

Answer 33

sounds that occur together are grouped together

Question 34

grouping by timbre

Answer 34

sounds with similar timbres usually come from the same source

Question 35

group by onset

Answer 35

sound components that begin at the same time tend to be heard a coming from the same source

Question 36

grouping by familiarity

Answer 36

participants make use of experience to separate different sound sources

Question 37

continuity effects of perceptual restoration effects

Answer 37

the continuous auditory stream is heard to continue behind making noise radio static and can still hear a string of lyrics our auditory system fills gaps when we hear "noise"