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Musculoskeletal Module > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the movement of the elbow and hand relative to?

A

elbow- relative to arm at elbow

hand - relative to forearm at wrist

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2
Q

What are the intrinsic movements of the forearm?

A

Rotatory
-radius move medially over ulna for pronation
-radius moves laterally for supernation
Pivots = proximal and distal Radio-ulna Joints
Hinge = interosseus membrane

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3
Q

What is the movement of the hand?

A

rotated almost 360 degrees around the long axis of the limb

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4
Q

What muscles function in the rotatory movements in the arm?

A
  1. Pronator Teres (PT)
  2. Pronator Quadratus (PQ)
  3. Supernator
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5
Q

What is the exception to the forearm containing just a bulk of muscles that control the hand ?

A

Brachioradialis

  • Inserts on Distal Radius
  • Elbow Flexor
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6
Q

What 3x things separate the anterior flexor compartment and posterior extensor compartment in the forearm?

A
  1. Interosseus membrane
  2. M.I.S. Medial Intermuscular Septae
  3. L. I. S. Lateral Intermuscular Septae
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7
Q

When are the compartments of the forearm symmetrical?

A

at distal end

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8
Q

What are the 5x groups of movements created by the forearm muscles?

A
  1. Extension/Flexion of elbow
  2. Extension/Flexion at wrist
  3. Extension/Flexion at digits
  4. Adduction/Abduction at wrist
  5. Supernation/Pronation of hand
    20 muscles
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9
Q

What starts earlier out of ulna or radius?

A

Ulna - has Olecranon

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10
Q

What are the 3x functions of the humerus and forearm and elbow?

A
  1. Distance hand from body
  2. Move hand
  3. Apply force to environment
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11
Q

Is it he broad triangular cross section or the round head which generates the most strength?

A

broad triangular base of ulna

  • where most of the strength comes from in the Ulna
  • Reciprocal b/w distal and proximal ends
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12
Q

Distally what does the round head of the Ulna help with?

A

Pronation and Supernation

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13
Q

Out of the radius and Ulna, which articulates with the wrist joint proper?

A

Radius’ broad articulating surface (Triangle)

-ulna doesnt articulate at wrist joint, as is barred by the TFC/Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex/Fibrous Articular Disc

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14
Q

Where are your strong collateral ligaments of your wrist located from?

A

Strong styloid processes

-sides of ends of bone

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15
Q

What are the 4x components of the Distal Radio-Ulna Joint?

A
  1. Ulna Notch (in radius, named by what is filling it)
  2. TFC/Triangular Fibrocartilage complex/ FAD Fibrous Articular Disc
  3. Head of Ulna
  4. Ulnar Styloid process
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16
Q

Does the ulna rotate at all?

A

Not AT ALL

-radius rotates over ulna allowing supernation and pronation

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17
Q

What si the sacciform recess?

A

Budlging of the synovial membrane between radius and ulna

Due to alot of movement in the wrist joint

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18
Q

Anular ligament

A

wraps around proximal radius
holds Proximal radius in place
so just rotates -doesnt roll over ulna like distal joint
-keeps the 2x bones together

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19
Q

What sort of movements does the ulna do?

A

Nothing much
No rotation
only a little bit of abduction/adduction

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20
Q

What are the 3x function of Interosseus membrane?

A
  1. Hinge: flexibe hinge. holds radius in relation to ulna (for most of its length) during pronation and supernation -soft to occur - cannot just rely on anular ligament and TFC.
  2. Muscle Attachment
  3. Force transmission. Most force transmitted up to small proximal circular head of radius.1. Radius moves up. 2. Oblique fibres placed unfer tension. 3. Force transmitted down into broad stronger base of ulna at same Proximal end
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21
Q

What is the triangular ligament?

A

FAD - fibrous articular disc

TFC -triangular fibrous complex

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22
Q

What forms the true wrist?

A

carpals

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23
Q

What is another name for the wrist joint proper?

A

Radio-carpal joint

(radius + TFC) + 4x proximal carpals

24
Q

What is the name of the joints between the 2x rows of carpal bones?

A

Mid carpal joints

or Transverse Intercarpular joints

25
What is the name for the joints between distal 4x carpals and 4x medial digits/metacarpals?
Carpometacarpal joints
26
What 3x movements occur at the wrist?
flexion/extension abduction/adduction some rotation
27
What movement occurs at mid-carpal joint
flexion/extension
28
What movement occurs at the carpo-metacarpal joint?
very little movement -stability and strength | very mobile in thumb
29
What is the location of Flexor Retinaculum in the hand?
Medial 1/2-2/3 of wrist -DOESNT extend to radial edge of wrist Medially and lateral attachments to carpal bones Thick Strap = retinaculum (anterior surface, holds flexing muscles) 2x attachments form the Carpal tunnel/common synovial sheath -contains Long Flexor tendons --and stops their bow-stringing -sometimes long flexor tendon of thumb has its separate synovial sheath Palmar aponeurosis at distal end of flexor retinaculum. Palmaris tendon goes over flexor retinaculum and then inserts into flexor retinaculum
30
What is the use of the metacarpals?
Palmar fleshy part | used to grab things against
31
What is the most fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
32
What is the name of the proximal and medial carpal bone starting with t?
triquetral
33
What is the location of the wrist crease?
Between 2x styloid process
34
What is the difference between the tarsal bones of the foot and the carpal bones of the wrist?
Foot has 7x Tarsal Bones Wrist has 8x carpal bones -adds strength to argument of Pisiform being sesmoid bone
35
What does Hollex mean?
Great toe
36
What does Pollex mean?
thumb
37
What are 3x examples of paired structures?
Pronator/Supernator Longus/Brevis Superficial/Profundus
38
What is the origin of Pronator Quadratus?
Ulna - as it moves its Distal attachment (Radius) over the ulna for Pronation - speed and power is aided by Pronator Teres (hence the name) for pronation
39
What other muscle in the forearm aids pronator quadratus with speed and strength of pronation?
Pronator Teres (hence the name) -Lateral muscle
40
In the 4:1:3 categorisation of your flexor forearm muscles, what are the 4x superficial muscles?
Really 3 and 1/2 (Pass Fail Pass Fail) 1. Pronator Teres 2. Flexor Carpi Radialis 3. Palmaris Longus 4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - common flexor tendon of humerus has 3 1/2 tendons originating from it (1/2 f.d.superficialis-other half from radius-Intermediate layer)
41
In the 4:1:3 categorisation of your flexor forearm muscles, what are the 1x intermediate muscles?
Flexor Digitorum Supericialis
42
In the 4:1:3 categorisation of your flexor forearm muscles, what are the 3x deep muscles?
1. Flexor Pollicis Longus 2. Pronator Quadratus 3. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
43
How many muscles originate from the Common Flexor Tendon off the Medial Epicondyle of the humerus?
3 and 1/2 - Palmaris longus - Flexor Carpi -Radialis and Ulnaris - 1/2 F Digitorum Superficialus (other 1/2 off radial head in intermediate layer)
44
Pronator Teres
O: Supracondylar ridge of humerus 2x heads I: 1/2 way down radius Boundary of Cubital Fossa -Median Nerve passes through Pronator Teres -Medial branch of Ulna nerve runs underneath -Adds speed and strength to pronation of hand -can aid pronator quadratus pronation
45
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Under Flexor Retinalculum Base of 2nd MT Radial Nerve runs down it Laterally - you squish inwardsagainst Radial Nerve and Flexor Carpi Radialis when taking wrist pusles
46
What structures do you feel when you're taking someones pulse at their wrist?
Radial Artery which lies Lateral to Flexor Carpi Radialis | -squish inwards and feel both
47
Palmaris Longus
``` small muscle Blends with Palmar Aponeurosis --helps to anchor skin -so when you're grabbing or swinging something your skin doesnt move too much -remnant muscle -missing in 15-20% of people ```
48
What is the name of the remnant muscle that is missing in 15-20% of people?
Palmaris Longus
49
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Under Flexor Retinaculum Pisiform + base of 5th MT LAt --> MEdil = U. Artery --> U. Nerve --> F. Carpi. Ulnaris -Have to press harder to get Ulnar Artery Pulse
50
Lateral to Medial, what is the relative arrangement of Ulnar Nerve, Ulnar Artery, and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Lateral --> Medial U. Artery - U. NErve - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris NERVE IS CLOSER TO MUSCLE -need to press harder to get ulnar pulse
51
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
2x heads: 1x medial epicondyle as part of common flexor tendon) 1x radius (and ulna) Under Flexor Retinaculum Base of medial 4 MIDDLE phalanx -moving INDIVIDUAL digits (Distal IPJ not really doing anything) -moves 3x: Prox IPJ + MCP + wrist
52
What is the general rule for deeper muscles?
Insertions are more distal
53
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Broad Origin: Interosseus membrane --> front of ulna I: Base of Medial 4x DISTAL Phalanx(deeper muscle= more distal insertion) FDP Flexes the Distal Phalanx -LEss control --normally only use ALL TOGETHER (guitar players exception as can have trained them better to use individually) -More power (grab something with strength more powerfully)
54
Flexor Pollucis Longus
O:front of Radius and Interosseus Membrane I: Distal phalanx -thumb needs own STRONG FLEXOR as it OPPOSES all 4x of your fingers
55
What can be a potential problem with having alot of tendons under the flexor retinaculum?
Inflammation

Musculoskeletal Module (27 decks)

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