Lecture 21 and 22

Question 1

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 1

At the base of the esophagus

Question 2

Where does esophagus pass through

Answer 2

The diaphragm

Question 3

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 3

Prevents reflux

Question 4

What are the 4 main parts of the stomach

Answer 4

1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus

Question 5

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 5

From the stomach to the liver

Question 6

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 6

From the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 7

What are rugae?

Answer 7

Temporary folds that allow for the expansion of the stomach. Important for storage function

Question 8

What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 8

Acid and intrinisc factor

Question 9

What do G cells secrete?

Answer 9

Hormones (gastrin)

Question 10

What do chief cells secrete?

Answer 10

pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of pepsin)

Question 11

Where are chief cells located?

Answer 11

In rough endoplasmic reticulum . They contain enzymes called apical zymogen granules.

Question 12

Where are parietal cells located?

Answer 12

They are abundant in the mitochondria and central nucleus.

Question 13

The bile duct meets the pancreatic duct at the entrance to the _____________ _____

Answer 13

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 14

The duodenal papilla projects into the ______ _____

Answer 14

Duodenal lumen

Question 15

Pancreatic islet alpha cells secrete…

Answer 15

Glucagon

Question 16

Pancreatic islet beta cells secrete

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

What do pancreatic acinar cells secrete?

Answer 17

Enzymes

Question 18

What is the total length of the small intestine?

Answer 18

6-7m

Question 19

The initial segment of the duodenum is…

Answer 19

Retroperitoneal

Question 20

The small intestine is held in place by….

Answer 20

Mesentery

Question 21

Mesentery contains…

Answer 21

• Arteries
• Veins
• Nerves
• Lymphatics

Question 22

Villi is found on the surface of the ________ _______

Answer 22

Plicae circulares

Question 23

Muscularis mucosae allows villi to

1. Start peristalsis of food
2. Segmentation of food
3. Move back and forth
4. Move side to side

Answer 23

C.

Question 24

In the core of each villie, it is made up of

Answer 24

FCT (lamina propia)

Question 25

Enterocytes are ________ cells

Answer 25

Absorptive

Question 26

Deoxygenated blood enters the mesenteric veins which drain into the _____

Answer 26

Hepatic portal vein

Question 27

Goblet cells secret ______ for protection

Answer 27

Mucus

Question 28

Panth cells are _____ or _____ enzymes

Answer 28

Granules, antibacterial

Question 29

Endocrine cells secrete _______

Answer 29

Hormones

Question 30

``` Which of the following are permanent folds of the small intestine with a core of submucosa? A. Villi B. Plicae Circulares C. Microvilli D. Glycocalyx E. Intestinal crypts ```

Answer 30

B

Question 31

The gastrointestinal system is specialised for....?

Answer 31

Secretion, absorption, digestion, motility

Question 32

``` Goblet cells A. Are unicellular glands B. Are columnar cell C. Have a basal nucleus D. All of the above ```

Answer 32

D.

Question 33

What are the four layers of the gut tube from in to out?

Answer 33

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Question 34

``` Which of the following is TRUE about the mucosa? A. It is the second most inner layer B. It is a unicellular gland. C. It contains the lamina propria D. Both A and C ```

Answer 34

C

Question 35

``` Compound secretory glands contain A. Acinar ells secreting bicarbonate B. Clusters of cells called acinus C. Duct cells secreting amylase D. All of the above. ```

Answer 35

B

Question 36

The greater omentum A. connects the stomach to the transverse colon B. Connects the stomach to the liver C. Connects the stomach to the body wall D. Connects the pyloric antrum to the cardia.

Answer 36

A

Question 37

``` Which structure allows for controlled release of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine A. Cardia B. Pyloric antrum C. Fundus D. Pyloric sphincter ```

Answer 37

D

Question 38

``` Which of the following are motility patterns of GI smooth muscle generated by the ENS? A. Peristalsis B. Segmentation C. Absorption D. Both A and B ```

Answer 38

D

Question 39

``` Regulation of the salt and water content of faeces largely take place in A. The stomach B. The duodenum C. The small intestine D. The large intestine ```

Answer 39

D

Question 40

Which of the following is trye for vitamin B12? A. It is only absorbed in the proximal ileum B. It is only absorbed in the distal ileum C. It is a fat-soluble vitamin. an

Answer 40

B