Lecture 22 Flashcards
What are the four lobes of the brain?
- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal
What is the central sulcus?
Seperates frontal and parietal lobes
What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?
Separates parietal and occipital lobes
What is the transverse fissure?
Separates cerebrum and cerebellum
What is the lateral sulcus?
Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
What are the main functions of the frontal lobe?
- motor control
- language control
- personality
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
- somatosensory (sensation)
What is the main function of the occipital lobe?
Vision
What are the main functions of the temporal lobe?
- memory
- hearing
What are the major divisions of the brain?
- cerebral cortex (cerebrum)
- corpus callosum (white matter)
- diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
- cerebellum
- brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)
What are the 3 types of white matter in the brain?
- commissural tracts, axons cross from side to side
- projection tracts, axons extend between cortex and other CNS areas outside cerebrum
- association tracts, axons on same side within cortex, communication between brain areas
The primary motor gyrus is where?
Pre-central gyrus
The primary somatosensory complex is where?
Post-central gyrus
What are the features of the corticospinal pathway?
- somatic efferent
- 2 neurons between brain and effector
- upper and lower
What are the features of the upper motor neuron?
- cell body in primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
- axon extends from motor cortex to spinal cord on opposite side
- makes synapse on lower motor neuron
What are the features of the lower motor neuron?
- cell body in ventral horn
- axon extends out of spinal cord via ventral root into body
- makes synapse on skeletal muscle
What are the features of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?
- for fine touch and light sensations
- 3 neurons between sensory receptor in body and somatosensory neuron in postcentral gyrus
- neuron 1, 2 and 3
What are the features of neuron 1 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?
- cell body in dorsal root ganglion
- peripheral fibre from sensory receptor in skin
- central fibre ascends to brain in dorsal columns
- synapse at neuron 2 in medulla oblongata
What are the features of neuron 2 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?
- cell body in medulla oblongata
- axon crosses to opposite side and ascends
- makes synapse on neuron 3 at thalamus
What are the features of neuron 3 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?
- cell body in thalamus
- axon ascends to somatosensory cortex
- makes synapse on cell body of somatosensory neuron
What are the features of the spinothalmic tract?
- for pain, temperature
- three neurons between sensory receptor in body and somatosensory neuron in postcentral gyrus
- neuron 1, 2 and 3
What are the features of neuron 1 of the spinothalmic tract?
- cell body in dorsal root ganglion
- makes synapse on neuron 2 in spinal cord
What are the features of neuron 2 of the spinothalmic tract?
- cell body in spinal cord
- axon crosses to opposite side via anterior white commisssure
- cells called tract cells
- makes synapse with neuron 3 in thalmus
What are the features of neuron 3 of the spinothalmic tract?
- cell body in thalmus
- axon extends to somatosensory cortex
- makes synapse on cell body of somatosensory neuron
