lecture 23

Question 1

framework of larynx

Answer 1

• musculocartilaginous structure
• comprised of three unpaired and three paired cartilages
• sits atop the trachea
• average length is 44mm for males and 36mm for females

Question 2

where is the larynx

Answer 2

sits atop the trachea

Question 3

what kind of structure is larynx

Answer 3

musculocartilaginous

Question 4

what is larynx comprised of

Answer 4

3 unpaired and 3 paired cartilages

Question 5

what does hyoid bone do

Answer 5

provide union between tongue and laryngeal structure

Question 6

what shape is hyoid

Answer 6

u shaped being open in posterior side

Question 7

hyoid bone articulates with what

Answer 7

articulates loosely w the superior cornu of thyroid cartilage

Question 8

what is greater cornu of hyoid

Answer 8

lateral surface of corpus projecting posteriorly

Question 9

parts of hyoid

Answer 9

corpus or body (attachment for muscles), greater cornu, lesser cornu

Question 10

thyroid cartilage

Answer 10

• unpaired cartilage - largest
• rocks backward/forward and elevates/depresses

Question 11

parts of thyroid cartilage

Answer 11

• prominent anterior surface made of two plates - thyroid laminae
• joined at midline - thyroid angle
• superior most point is the thyroid notch (adam’s apple)
• posterior aspect is open

Question 12

vocal folds attach to what

Answer 12

vocal folds attach to thyroid just behind thyroid notch

Question 13

superior cornu

Answer 13

articulates w hyoid

Question 14

inferior cornu

Answer 14

articulates with cricoid cartilage

Question 15

what is superior most point of thyroid cartilage

Answer 15

thyroid notch (adam’s apple)

Question 16

cricoid cartilage

Answer 16

unpaired - ring shape - sits on trachea
posterior lamina - connects to arytenoid cartilage
lateral surface - connects with thyroid inferior horns
cricothyroid joint - pivot joint permits rotation of the two structures

Question 17

posterior lamina of cricoid cartilage

Answer 17

connects to arytenoid cartilage

Question 18

lateral surface of cricoid cartilage

Answer 18

connects w thyroid inferior horns

Question 19

arytenoid cartilage

Answer 19

• paired cartilage
• sits on posterior portion of cricoid cartilage
• posterior attachment for vocal folds

Question 20

vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage

Answer 20

vocal processes project anteriorly toward thyroid notch

Question 21

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Answer 21

muscular process projects laterally - point of attachment for muscles

Question 22

where does arytenoid cartilage sit

Answer 22

on posterior portion of cricoid cartilage

Question 23

what is posterior attachment for vocal folds

Answer 23

arytenoid cartilage

Question 24

arytenoid cartilage is posterior attachment for what

Answer 24

vocal folds

Question 25

corniculate cartilages

Answer 25

- paired cartilage - sits on superior surface of each arytenoid cartilage - prominent landmarks in aryepiglottic folds

Question 26

epiglottis

Answer 26

- unpaired cartilage - leaf like structure arises from inner surface of thyroid cartilage just below notch - valleculae space

Question 27

what is epiglottis attached by

Answer 27

thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 28

epiglottis joined with what

Answer 28

laterally joined w arytenoid cartilages via the aryepiglottic folds

Question 29

epiglottis projects where

Answer 29

projects upward beyond the larynx and above hyoid bone

Question 30

epiglottis attached to

Answer 30

root of tongue by ligaments and the hyoid bone via the hyoepiglottic ligament

Question 31

epiglottis has what kind of sinuses

Answer 31

pyriform sinuses - lateral recesses

Question 32

surface of epiglottis is

Answer 32

covered w a mucous membrane lining

Question 33

cuneiform cartilages

Answer 33

paired cartilages embedded within aryepiglottic folds

Question 34

cuneiform cartilages situated where

Answer 34

above and anterior to corniculate cartilages

Question 35

cuneiform cartilages do what

Answer 35

provide support for membranous laryngeal covering

Question 36

nonspeech laryngeal function

Answer 36

- most important role is protection - prohibits entry of foreign objects into the lungs - cough - sensation to irritant object, vagus nerve

Question 37

throat clearing

Answer 37

- build pressure in subglottal region and clamp the vocal folds shut to restrain the presssure - places vocal folds under a great deal of strain

Question 38

abdominal fixation

Answer 38

- capturing air within the thorax to provide the muscles with a structure to push/pull - similar to cough - take in large breath, tight adduction of vocal folds - thorax becomes rigid frame - some air may escape through adducted vocal folds and may grunt when lifting heavy objects

Question 39

breathing

Answer 39

normal breathing requires vocal folds to be abducted

Question 40

during forced exhalation (like exercising)

Answer 40

need for air causes you to increase the abduction of vocal folds

Question 41

which non speech laryngeal function makes thorax a rigid frame

Answer 41

abdominal fixation

Question 42

which non speech laryngeal function captures air within thorax to provide the muscles w a structure to push/pull

Answer 42

abdominal fixation

Question 43

which non-speech laryngeal function builds pressure in the subglottal region and clamps the vocal folds shut to restrain the pressure

Answer 43

throat clearing