Lecture 23 Control of Hazards Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the five levels in the hierarchy of hazard controls, from most to least effective?
- Elimination,
- Substitution,
- Engineering Controls,
- Administrative Controls,
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Why are elimination and substitution considered the most effective hazard control methods?
Because they remove or reduce the hazard at its source, not relying on human behavior.
What are engineering controls in occupational health?
Physical changes to the workplace that isolate people from hazards.
Name three examples of engineering controls
Local exhaust ventilation, machine guarding, and process modification.
Why are engineering controls preferred over administrative controls or PPE?
They are more reliable and less dependent on worker compliance or behavior.
What are administrative controls?
Changes in work policies or procedures to reduce exposure to hazards
Give two examples of administrative controls.
Worker rotation to reduce exposure time and safety training programs.
(air sampling, medical surveillance)
What is a limitation of administrative controls?
They rely heavily on consistent worker behavior and enforcement.
Why is PPE considered the least effective hazard control?
Because it does not eliminate the hazard and depends on correct and consistent use.
What are examples of PPE?
Gloves, goggles, face shields, respirators, earplugs.
What are key factors for effective PPE use?
Correct selection, proper fit, training, and maintenance.
How can noise hazards be controlled?
Through sound barriers, absorbing materials, and hearing protection.
What are methods to control heat or cold exposure?
Acclimatization, environmental controls, and protective clothing.
How is radiation exposure managed in the workplace?
Through shielding, increasing distance, and reducing exposure time.
(time, distance, sheilding)
What is the preferred method of controlling chemical hazards?
Substitution and engineering controls like closed systems or local exhaust.
Why is local exhaust ventilation effective for chemical hazards?
It captures contaminants at their source before they spread.
What administrative controls help with chemical safety?
Labeling, safe storage, employee training, and exposure monitoring.
What engineering control is used for biological hazards in labs?
Biosafety cabinets.
What are common administrative controls for biological hazards?
Universal precautions, hygiene protocols, and vaccination.
Why are vaccinations considered a control method for biological hazards?
They reduce susceptibility to infectious agents.
What is the purpose of dilution ventilation?
To reduce contaminant concentration by mixing and circulating air.
How does local exhaust ventilation differ from dilution ventilation?
It removes contaminants at their source instead of diluting them in the air.
In what scenarios would administrative controls be more practical than engineering controls?
When engineering solutions are not feasible due to cost, technical limitations, or temporary exposure situations.
What are some limitations of PPE that make it a last-resort control method?
Improper fit, user noncompliance, discomfort, maintenance needs, and potential for failure.
