Lecture 24 and 25

Question 1

True or False: All treatments work equally well for all disorders.

A. True
B. False

Answer 1

B. False

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Treatment outcomes are better when there is a race/ethnicity match for a client and
therapist
B. Clients prefer on average to work with a therapist of their own race/ethnicity
C. Clients perceive therapists of their own race/ethnicity more favorably
D. B and C
E. A, B, and C

Answer 2

D. B and C

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Common factors include therapist alliance and gradual exposure
B. A client’s social class is clearly linked to treatment outcome
C. The emotional well-being of a therapist is unrelated to treatment outcome
D. Both quality and quantity of homework completion is related to treatment outcome within
CBT
E. None of the above influence treatment outcome

Answer 3

D. Both quality and quantity of homework completion is related to treatment outcome within
CBT

Question 4

True or False: A strong therapeutic alliance plays a central role in treatment outcomes across
therapy approaches.

A. True
B. False

Answer 4

A. True

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Increasingly, full-time front-line service providers hold doctoral degrees, rather than
master’s degrees
B. Increasingly, front-line service providers are trained in social work programs
C. Increasingly, clinical psychologists work at higher levels in mental-health care, doing
training, supervision, administration, or program development and evaluation
D. All of the above are true
E. B and C

Answer 5

E. B and C

Question 6

_________ problem severity is associated with _____ positive treatment outcome.

A. Lesser; less
B. Greater; more
C. Moderate; moderate
D. Lesser; moderate
E. Greater; less

Answer 6

E. Greater; less

Question 7

True or False: Presence of a personality disorder is associated with more positive treatment
outcome.

A. True
B. False

Answer 7

B. False

Question 8

True or False: “Common factors” refers to shared features of most therapy approaches that are
associated with worse treatment outcome.

A. True
B. False

Answer 8

B. False

Question 9

Which of these client characteristics is unrelated to treatment outcome, all else being equal?

A. Age
B. Gender
C. Race and Ethnicity
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

Answer 9

D. All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is FALSE?

A. Therapist experience is unrelated to treatment outcome
B. Client racial/ethnic identity is unrelated to treatment outcome
C. Low intellectual functioning is related to treatment outcome for some treatments
D. The research evidence for a treatment is related to treatment outcome
E. All of the above are true

Answer 10

E. All of the above are true

Question 11

Which of these therapist characteristics is related to treatment outcome, all else being equal?

A. Age
B. Gender
C. Ethnicity
D. Years of training
E. Warmth and genuineness

Answer 11

E. Warmth and genuineness

Question 12

True or False: Quantity, but not quality, of homework completion between sessions is related to
treatment outcome for clients receiving CBT.

A. True
B. False

Answer 12

B. False

Question 13

True or False: The available meta-analytic evidence clearly indicates that cultural adaptation of
treatment approaches improves treatment outcomes.

A. True
B. False

Answer 13

B. False

Question 14

True or False: Assigning and completing homework between sessions is associated with positive treatment outcome, all else being equal.

A. True
B. False

Answer 14

A. True

Question 15

Anxiety disorders are better treated by _____, while eating disorders are better treated by ______.

A. Short-term psychodynamic therapy; IPT or CBT
B. Short-term psychodynamic therapy; CBT
C. CBT; IPT or CBT
D. IPT or CBT; Short-term psychodynamic therapy

Answer 15

C. CBT; IPT or CBT

Question 16

Research supports that depression can be treated by

A. Short-term psychodynamic therapy
B. IPT
C. CBT
D. All of the above

Answer 16

D. All of the Above

Question 17

True of False: Therapists with more years of experience and/or with a doctoral degree show better client outcomes, all else being equal.

A. True
B. False

Answer 17

B. False

Question 18

Research has shown that certain characteristics of the client, therapist and treatment are positively related to treatment outcome, while others are unrelated or negatively
related to treatment outcome. Why is it important to understand these influences on treatment
outcome?

Answer 18

It is important to understand the influences of certain characteristics on treatment outcome in order to provide the most efficient and effective mental health care possible. For example,
knowing that better outcome is associated with a stronger therapeutic alliance highlights the
importance of developing and maintaining such an alliance with your clients. As another example, research suggests that the mental-health profession of a therapist has is not significantly related to treatment outcome. This knowledge may reduce the cost of evidence based treatment, as it may not be necessary for a client to receive care from a (more expensive) provider with a PhD as opposed to (less expensive) provider with an MSW, as long as the providers are delivering empirically supported treatments. This allows more people to receive
affordable mental health care.

Question 19

What does the research literature indicate about whether all therapeutic techniques work equally well for all disorders?

Answer 19

The research literature indicates that some psychological problems, such as depression, can be
treated effectively by a variety of evidence-based therapeutic techniques, including IPT, CBT,
and short-term psychodynamic therapy. This does not mean that depression can be treated
effectively by all possible techniques, of course, just that it can be treated by several different
evidence-based techniques. In contrast, research indicates that other psychological problems
are more responsive to some therapeutic techniques than others. For example, anxiety clearly is treated best by CBT (and most importantly, by exposure therapy).

Question 20

Define the term “common factors” and list three examples. How are they related to therapeutic outcome?

Answer 20

“Common factors” refer to the shared features of most therapy approaches that are associated
with positive treatment outcome. There are several examples of common factors, including
trust, genuineness, empathy, therapist alliance, etc.

Question 21

If you were a cognitive-behavioral therapist, what kinds of techniques would you emphasize or de-emphasize when working with a client with lower intellectual functioning?

Answer 21

Clients with lower intellectual functioning typically respond better to more behavioral
techniques than to cognitive techniques. Behavioral techniques often can be presented in more
concrete, simple ways, whereas cognitive techniques tend to demand strong verbal and analytic
thinking skills.