Lecture 26: Non-Respiratory Lung Functions

Question 1

what are the non-specific defense mechanisms of the lungs

Answer 1

mucociliary system
cough
phagocytic cells

Question 2

what is the specific defense mechanism of the lungs

Answer 2

immune system that is controlled by cytokines and chemokines

Question 3

what is the mucociliary blanket

Answer 3

mucous gel + sol
cilia beat within a sol layer that moves the mucous and particulates up and out of respiratory system

Question 4

what cell type makes up a majority of the alveolar lining fluids

Answer 4

macrophages - kill and remove particulates

Question 5

what things depress the activity of alveolar macrophages

Answer 5

glucocorticoids, corticosteroids and hypoxia

also viral activity which can lead to secondary infections

Question 6

how do endotherms respond to changes in temperature

Answer 6

by changing their metabolic rate = rate at which they consume O2 and produce CO2

Question 7

what is the thermoneutral zone

Answer 7

zone in which an endotherm can respond to changes in temp w/out having to use lots of E

Question 8

what are the mechanisms endotherms utilize in the thermoneutral zone

Answer 8

• pilomotor responses (fluffing hair/feathers)
• changing rate of blood flow to the skin
• postural response to alter the surface area exposed to environment

Question 9

what are responses that allow for evaporative cooling in endotherms

Answer 9

sweating
panting
cular fluttering
**all cost energy

Question 10

what is the benefit of countercurrent heat exchange

Answer 10

decreases heat loss b/w arteries and veins