Lecture 2A/B - Anatomy - Quiz 1/2

Question 1

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 2

T/F - The parasympathetic division constricts the pupils and bronchi

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F - The parasympathetic division stimulates intestinal mobility and salivary flow

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F - The sympathetic division accelerates heart rate and dilates bronchi

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F - The sympathetic division stimulates tear glands

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F - There are about 1000 types of neurons

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F - Local interneurons have short or no axons

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F - Local interneurons are always inhibitory

Answer 8

False - local interneurons can be inhibitory or excitatory

Question 9

T/F - Output neurons transmit information at a distance

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F - Neuronal morphology is closely related to neuronal function

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F - Unipolar neurons have a single axon which branches into the equivalent of dendrites

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F - Bipolar neurons have distinct dendrites and axons

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F - Multipolar cells have one main axon and many dendrites

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F - Purkinje cells are multipolar cells

Answer 14

Ture

Question 15

T/F - The cell body contains the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F - The dendrites are the site of most synaptic contact with input neurons

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F - The axon hillock is the site of initiation of the action potential

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F - Synaptic contact onto the cell body can profoundly affect generation of an action potential

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F - the membrane is a lipid bilayer

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F - the membrane is spanned by ion channels and ion pumps

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F - ion channels may be open or closed

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F - the membrane electrical potential difference is determined by the action of the ion pumps and the state of the ion channels

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F - the cell membrane of an axon is in direct physical contact with the cell membrane of the target cell

Answer 23

False - the dendrite of the input cell secretes neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft; the neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the target cell.

Question 24

T/F - information is transmitted across the synapse through the flow of electrical current

Answer 24

False - information is transmitted along the axon through the flow of electrical current; information is transmitted across the synapse through neurotransmitters

Question 25

T/F - neurotransmitters are electrically charged

Answer 25

False - neurotransmitters are electrically neutral

Question 26

T/F - most synapses are located on the axon of a target cell

Answer 26

False - most synapses are located on the dendrites of the target cell

Question 27

T/F - the action potential which is propagated down the length of an axon initiates release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F - neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles with walls that can merge seamlessly with the cell membrane

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F - neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptor sites in ion channels of the target cell

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T/F - once bound to target cell ion channels, all neurotransmitters become a permanent part of the target cell structure

Answer 30

False - neurotransmitters will release from the target cell ion channels back into the synaptic cleft, where they will be reabsorbed into the input cell and recycled

Question 31

T/F - development of the nervous system depends on gene expression

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F - gene expression depends on endogenous but not exogenous cues

Answer 32

False - gene expression depends on both endogenous and exogenous cues

Question 33

T/F - developmental stages can be studied in simple organisms

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F - the function of individual genes can be tested in transgenic animals

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F - the nervous system develops from the endoderm

Answer 35

False - the nervous system develops from the ectoderm

Question 36

T/F - the neural plate is patterned along both dorsoventral and rostrocaudal dimensions

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F - gene expression is critical for neural development

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T/F - neurons migrate throughout the brain to form the final stucture

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F - formation and preservation of synapses depends on the firing pattern of neurons

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F - the nervous system develops from a single layer of cells in the ecoderm

Answer 40

True

Question 41

T/F - the neural plate folds to form a groove and then closes to form the neural tube

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F - the mesoderm becomes connective tissue, muscle, and vascular structures

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F - the endoderm becomes the gut, lungs, and liver

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T/F - the five-vesicle stage is so primitive that there is no association with adult brain areas

Answer 44

False - each of the five vesicles develop into distinct brain structures

Question 45

T/F - the thalamus, hypothalamus, retina, and optic nerves develop from the diencephalon

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F - the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala develop from the telencephalon

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F - the cerebellum and the pons develop from the metencephalon

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T/F - both neurons and glia have a common origin as neural crest cells

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T/F - neurons encourage the growth of glia by secreting glial growth factor (GGF)

Answer 49

True

Question 50

T/F - glial growth factor (GGF) discourages more differentiation of neurons

Answer 50

True

Question 51

T/F - chemical feedback balances the numbers of neurons and glia

Answer 51

True

Question 52

T/F - the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb both develop from the telencephalon

Answer 52

True

Question 53

T/F - neurons are generated in a region adjacent to the ventricles of the brain

Answer 53

True

Question 54

T/F - neurons initially migrate into a region that becomes the cerebral cortex in a random fashion

Answer 54

False - neurons initially migrate into a region that becomes the deepest layers of the cortical plate; later stage neurons migrate past the first wave of neurons and become the more superficial layers of the cortex

Question 55

T/F - the termination of the neurons in layers of the cortex occurs in a random fashion

Answer 55

False - the later stage neurons follow the axons of the early stage neurons and terminate once they reach the most superficial layer