Lecture 3 Flashcards
what is neoplasia
dysregulated cellular differentiation, aberrant proliferation and size
what are the 3 markers of neoplasia
-cells proliferate and gro without control
-differenciation is impeded at one or multiple stages aka they don’t
-cells become immortal
what are the selective growth advantages of neoplasia
-the ratio between birth and death in a cell population in normal adult tissues in the absence of injury is >1
what did t boveri say in 1902
some chromosomes stimulate cell dicision while others inhibit it
what was rous experiment in 1911
-HE GAVE saroma to another chicken by extracting the sarcoma from anotyher chicklen
-cell free extract of chicken tumours is oncogenic : RSV first oncogenic retrovirus
when was the term oncogene coined and when
-1969 by robert huebner and george todaro
in 1970 what did steve martin show
v-src is the oncogene
who and when showed that: oncogenes are activated proto-oncogenes aka c-src, found in many organisms incuding humans
in 1976 stehelin, bishop and varmus
what is an oncogene?
a gene that increases the selective growth advantage of the cell in which it resides
what is a proto-oncogene
is a normal genethat can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression
what is a tumour supressor gene:
a gene that when inactivated by mutation, increase the selective growth advantage of the cell in which it resides
what does amplification mean
a genetic alteration producing a large number of copies of a small segment (less than a few megabases) of the genome
what is an indel:
a mutation due to a small insertion or deletion of one or a few nucleotides
what is a rearrangement
a mutation that juxtaposes nucleotides that are normally seperated, such as thpse on 2 different chromosomes
what is an sbs
a single nucleotide substitution like c to t relative to a reference sequence
what is a driver gene mutation
a muation that directly or inderectly confers a selective growth advantage to the cell in which it occurs
what is a passenger mutation
a mutation that has no direct or indirect effect on the selective growth advantage in which it occured
what does LOH mean
loss of heterozygosity
what happens when tou already have a hit already in RB and then you start having haploinsufficiency
the disease gets worse and your last allele can’t work properly
what does ras usuallu do
it is a gtp binding protein
-aka a gtp ase
what does src usualy do
it is a non receptor tyrosine kinase
true or fa;se: ras ios a gtp ases that is usually mutated in most cancer
true
name viruses that can mutate ras
-harvey sarcoma virus
-kirsten sarcoma virus
-neuroblastoma virus
this mutation of ras was found in which cancer
neuro blastoma
