Lecture 3

Question 1

Consonants of english

Question 2

Bilabial place of articulation

Answer 2

P
b
m

Question 3

Labiodental

Answer 3

f
v

Question 4

Interdental

Answer 4

θ - thick as thieves
ð - this and that
only 7% of languages have

Question 5

Alveolar

Answer 5

t
d
s
z
n
l
r

Question 6

Alveopalatal

Answer 6

• [ʃ] in shell shock
• [ʒ] in Illu[ʒ]on confu[ʒ]on
• [t͡ʃ] in chit-chat
• [d͡ʒ] in jumping jack

Question 7

Palatal

Answer 7

[j] in yin yang

Question 8

Velar

Answer 8

• [k] in cookie cutter
• [g] in good as gold
• [ŋ] in si[ŋ] son[ŋ]
• [w] in wild west

Question 9

Tale of two W’s

Answer 9

In some varieties of english there are two velar glides
- voiced [w] and voicless [ʍ]
- words spelt with ‘wh’ used to be pronounced as [ʍ]
Preserved in Irish and Scottish english

Question 10

Uvular - place of articulation

Answer 10

Arabic articulates at Uvula but not english
q is symbol for uvular stop of IPA

Question 11

Glottal

Answer 11

[h] - high hopes
[ʔ] is a marginal sound in English
* ‘uh-oh’ [ʔʌʔo]
* Humming rejection [ʔm̩ʔm̩]
* Can also be heard instead of [t] in some
varieties

Question 12

Manner of articulation : Oral Stops

Answer 12

AKA plosives or simply stops
Complete closure in oral cavity - silence
voicelss: p t k ʔ
voiced: b d g

Question 13

Fricatives

Answer 13

Continuous airflow through the mouth
Very narrow opening
Turbulent airflow: ‘random noise’ or static
Voiceless: f θ s ʃ h
Voiced: v ð z ʒ

Question 14

Affricate

Answer 14

stop+fricative
- [t͡ʃ]
- [d͡ʒ]
t and ʃ in batshit vs [t͡ʃ] in ratchet

Question 15

Nasal cavity - confusing terminology

Answer 15

Raised velum cuts off airflow into the nasal cavity
Lowered velum allows air to go into the nasal cavity
Nasals are technically stops
- nasal stops are often called nasals
- oral stops are often called ‘stops’

Question 15

Nasals

Answer 15

m n ŋ

Question 15

Obstruents vs Sonorants

Answer 15

Obstruents: Stops, fricatives, afrricates
Sonorants: Nasal, Lateral, Rhotic, Glide

Question 15

Liquids

Answer 15

[l]
- lateral
- tongue makes contact w roof of mouth
non-turbulent airflow along the sides

[r] or [ɹ]
- commonly known as rhotics
- Pronunciation is variable

Question 15

Central Rotokas

Answer 15

6 consontants
Papua New Guinea

Question 15

Glides

Answer 15

[j] (is short [i])
[w] (is short [u])

Question 15

25 consonants of english that i have to know

Answer 15

voiceless segment on left, voiced on right

Answer 16

Labial: bilabial and labiodental
Coronal: Interdental alveolar alveopalatal and palatal - tip of tongue
Dorsal: Velar and Glottal - back

Question 16

Ubykh

Answer 16

84 consonants