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Pharm Exam 3 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Generic names for anti platelets

A

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

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2
Q

Therapeutic effects for aspirin and clopidogrel

A

Prevents thrombi formation (DVT)

Prevent MI/stroke/ acute coronary syndrome

Prevents recurring clots (status/post MI, ACS, stents, peripheral artery disease)

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3
Q

Adverse effects of anti platelets

A

Dyspepsia, gastric bleeding

Prolonged bleeding time; thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

Specific adverse effects for aspirin

A

Tinnitus, hearing loss

Reye’s syndrome

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5
Q

Teachings for clopidogrel and aspirin

A

Injury/ bleeding prevention

Avoid other NSAIDS, anticoagulants, thrombolytics

Stop as directed prior to invasive tests or surgeries

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6
Q

MOA for anti platelets

A

Interferes with normal platelet function: platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation, or procoagulant

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7
Q

MOA for Heprin

A

Increase the effects of anti thrombin III which inactivates thrombin

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8
Q

Routes for heprin

A

IV/ SubQ

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9
Q

SubQ considerations for heprin

A

No alcohol to site or allow to dry completely

No aspiration

Apply light pressure with gauze

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10
Q

Therapeutic effects of heprin

A

Prevent thrombi formation

Treats existing thrombus, embolus

Decreases signs of DVT or PE

Prevents recurring clots

Prevents stroke and MI

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11
Q

Lab test for heprin

A

PTT

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12
Q

Averse effects of heprin

A

Bleeding tendencies:
Skin bruising
mucus membranes- bleeding gums, nose bleeds
Stool
Urine

Heprin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

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13
Q

Antidote for heprin

A

Protamine sulfate

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14
Q

MOA for enoxaparin

A

Low molecular weight heprin, so MOA is similar but it’s specific to factor X

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15
Q

What happens is a patient develops HIT

A

They will be started on argatroban (direct thrombin inhibitor)

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16
Q

MOA for warfarin

A

Blocks hepatic production of coagulation factors (vitamin K)

Interferes with the transfer to prothrombin

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17
Q

Lab tests for warfarin

A

INR

Check bleeding times

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18
Q

Antidote for warfarin

A

Vitamin k

19
Q

Generic names for new oral anticoagulants (NOACs)

A

Rivaroxban

Dabigatran

20
Q

MOA for rivaroxban

A

Activated factor X inhibitor

21
Q

MOA for dabigatran

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor which prevents fibrin clot

22
Q

Labs for rivaroxban

A

aPTT and PTT

23
Q

Generic name for thrombolytics or tissue plasminogen activator

A

Alteplase

24
Q

Antidote for alteplase

A

Aminocaproic acid

25
Q

MOA for cyanocobalamin

A

It is a form of B12 and it gives the dietary B12 necessary for RBC synthesis

26
Q

What’s cyanocobalamin for?

A

Treatment of erythrocytopenia or anemia:
It increases RBC, Hct, Hgb

And treats signs and symptoms of anemia

27
Q

Signs and symptoms of anemia?

A

SOB
Paleness, pallor
Fatigue, weakness
DizzIness
Low energy

28
Q

Adverse effects of cyanocobalamin

A

It’s uncommon: rash, diarrhea, hypokalemia

29
Q

Teaching for cyanocobalamin

A

Eat well balanced diet

If given for pernicious anemia the supplement must be given parenterally monthly

And neuro sx could be permanent if treatment is stopped

30
Q

MOA for epoetin alpha

A

Increases hormone erythropoietin which stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs and erythropoietic growth factor

31
Q

What does epoetin alpha treat

A

Erythrocytopenia and anemia

32
Q

Adverse effects of epoetin alfa

A

Edema, HTN, headaches

NVD

33
Q

Teachings for epoetin alfa

A

Monitor BP and weight regularly

34
Q

Route for epoetin alfa

A

SubQ/IV 3x a week

35
Q

MOA for ferrous sulfate

A

Gives dietary element iron necessary for RBC synthesis

36
Q

Adverse effects for ferrous sulfate

A

NVC

Dark stools

The liquid oral form can stain teeth

Iron toxicity in children

37
Q

Teachings for ferrous sulfate

A

Oral iron prep:

Take with for GI upset

Drink liquids via straw

Expect dark stools

Add fiber to diet

Take with vitamin C to enhance absorption

Avoid with antacids- take at least 2 hours apart

38
Q

MOA for folic acid

A

Gives dietary element folic acid necessary for RBC synthesis

39
Q

Adverse effects for folic acid

A

Minimal

40
Q

Prototype for an WBC agent

A

Filgrastim

41
Q

MOA for filgrastim

A

Stimulates bone marrow to produce WBCs; a granulocyte colony which stimulates factor (G-CSF) analog used to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes

Filgrastim binds to the G-CSF receptor and stimulates the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow. As a G-CSF analog, it controls proliferation of committed progenitor cells and influences their maturation into mature neutrophils.

42
Q

What does filgrastim treat

A

Treatment of leukopenia or neutropenia: it increases WBCs and neutrophils

Treats the s/sx of leukopenia and neutropenia:
Decreases incidence of infection
Resolution of existing infection

43
Q

Adverse effects of filgrastim

A

Flu like symptoms

Bone pain

Rare: cv problems like dysrhythmias and tachycardia

44
Q

Teachings for filgrastim

A

Infection control measures includes handwashing

And avoid people with infection

Bone pain can be managed with Tylenol or NSAIDs, if not contraindicated

Pharm Exam 3 (6 decks)

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