Lecture 3

Question 1

Groups of related species

Answer 1

Genus

Question 2

Organisms that are substatially alike

Answer 2

Species

Question 3

Variation within species

Answer 3

Strains/Substrain

Question 4

• mostly bacteria
• single celled
• 0.3-3 micrometers in equivalent radius
• No membrane around the genetic material (DNA)
• Grow rapidly (doubling time: 0.5 hour to several hours)
• carbon source include carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, proteins and CO2

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells

Question 5

What gram positive bacteria have

Answer 5

• plasma membrane
• periplasmic space
• peptidoglycan

Question 6

What gram negative bacteria have

Answer 6

• plasma membrane
• periplasmic space
• peptidoglycan
• outer membrane (lipopolysaccharide and protein)

Question 7

any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

Answer 7

fungi

Question 8

an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

Answer 8

Virus

Question 9

a single-celled microscopic animal of a group of phyla of the kingdom Protista, such as an amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, or sporozoan; a protozoan.

Answer 9

protozoa

Question 10

Monomer of proteins

Answer 10

amino acids

Structure/catalysis

Question 11

Monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 11

sugars

Structure/energy

Question 12

Monomer of lipids

Answer 12

fatty acids

Structure/storage

Question 13

Monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 13

nucleotides

Genetic information

Question 14

Role of bulk elements

Answer 14

biological molecules - involved in structures/ reactions

Question 15

Bulk elements

Answer 15

C H N O P S

Question 16

Role of bulk ions

Answer 16

Water balance/ acid-base balance

Question 17

Role of trace elements

Answer 17

Catalytic cofactors

Question 18

Bulk ions

Answer 18

Na Cl H Ca PO4^-3 SO4 NH4-

Question 19

Trace elements

Answer 19

Mg Mn Fe Ni Zn Co Se Mb Si B I

Question 20

Cell growth equation

Answer 20

X = X0 e^μt

Question 21

Cell growth

Answer 21

Cells + carbon source - nitrogen source + oxygen source + phosphate source -> CO2 + H20 + Products + more cells

Question 22

Doubling time

Answer 22

Time it takes to double to cell concentration ( mass or number)

Question 23

Doubling time equation for first order exponential rate:

Answer 23

td = ln 2/ μ

Question 24

Cell yield

Answer 24

Y = (X - X0)/(S-S0)

Y = cell yield
S = substrate in a medium

Question 25

Monod equation

Answer 25

μ = (μm [S])/ Ks + S ## Footnote μm = maximum specifc growth rate S = Substrate in a medium Ks = saturation constant/half velocity constant

Question 25

simplest empirical equation for the effect of the substrate on the specific growth rate

Answer 25

Monod equation

Question 26

equation to the concentration of hte limiting substrate when the specific growth rate is equal to one half of μm

Answer 26

saturation constant/half velocity constant

Question 27

bioreactor that maintains a constant volume and nutrint concentration by adding and removing medium at a fixed rate

Answer 27

chemostat ## Footnote https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemostat

Question 28

In competitive inhibition: how Vm and Km changes

Answer 28

Vm remains unchanged Km increases