Lecture 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Levels of Ecological Organization
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
The term we use to describe
multiple individuals or organisms
of a single species that live within
a particular geographic area.
For example, there may be one
population of painted turtles in
one province and another
population of painted turtles 50
miles away in another province.
Population
The term used to describe two or
more populations of different
species that occupy the same
space at the same time.
Community
The term used to describe both
the biotic (living) and abiotic
(nonliving) factors in a system
Ecosystem
The term used to describe organisms
that occupy a certain area.
Biomes are determined by the
primary vegetation type, the climate
of the area, and the geographic
location.
Biome
The term used to describe the
combination of every ecosystem
on the planet.
Biosphere
Terrestrial Ecosystem
Forest Ecosystems
Grassland Ecosystems
Tundra Ecosystems
Desert Ecosystem
consists of several plants, animals and microorganisms that live in coordination with
the abiotic factors of the environment.
Forests help in maintaining the temperature of the earth and are the major carbon
sink.
Forest Ecosystem
The vegetation is dominated by grasses and herbs.
Temperate grasslands, savanna grasslands are some of the
examples of grassland ecosystems.
Grassland ecosystem
are devoid of trees and are found in cold
climates or where rainfall is scarce.
Tundra ecosystem
are found throughout the world. These are regions with very
little rainfall. The days are hot and the nights are cold.
Desert
are ecosystems present in a body of water. These can be further
divided into two types, namely: freshwater and marine ecosystem.
Aquatic Ecosystem
includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and wetlands.
No salt content in contrast with the marine ecosystem. They embody
planktons, algae, insects, amphibians and underwater plants.
Freshwater
Ecosystem
includes seas and oceans.
These have a more substantial salt content and greater biodiversity in
comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.
Marine
Ecosystem
are the multitude of benefits that nature provides to society (FAO,
2021) and making people aware of these benefits may encourage
them to design better habitat management
Ecosystem Services
Organisms in an ecosystem interact with one another. One
way that individuals in a community interact is by feeding on
one another.
Interrelationship, Food Chain, and Web
The original source of energy in most
ecosystems is the sun.
Tropic level
Green plants, algae,
and certain bacteria
produce sugars through
the process of
photosynthesis, using
only energy from the
sun and carbon dioxide
(CO2) from the air.
Autotrophs
Herbivores— organisms that feed
on plants, algae, or photosynthetic
bacteria—are members of the
second trophic level.
Carnivores, or meat- eaters, that
feed directly on herbivores make
up the third trophic level.
Carnivores that feed on third- level
carnivores are in the fourth trophic
level, and so on.
Those that feed on both plant and
animals are the omnivores.
Heterotrophs
those
that feed on dead
organic material, are
classified in the highest
trophic level in
Decomposers,
grasses,
herbs and trees
1st level-
mice, pine
borer and deer
2nd level-
foxes,
wolves, hawks and
other predatory birds
and insects
3rd level-
humans,
hawks
*4th level-
