Lecture 3

Question 1

Mol(ieu-mannetje) discusses a transition from traditional government-led environmental policy to a more decentralized governance model. Name 3 types of governance he discusses.

Answer 1

1. Multi-Level Governance
2. Market Mechanisms
3. Civil Society Engagement

Question 2

Name 3 challenges for the environmental state according to Mol(ieu-mannetje)

Answer 2

1. Coordination Problems (Authority fragmentation)
2. Fairness Issues
3. Accountability and Results

Question 3

Name the 4 forms of PI according to Alexander

Answer 3

1. Utilitarian (Aggregate Transformative)
2. Unitary (Collective Fixed)
3. Deontic (Aggregate Fixed)
4. Dialogical (Collective Transformative)

ex-post = transformative
a priori = fixed

Question 4

According to Alexander, PI has 3 roles in planning. Name these 3.

Answer 4

1. Legitimise planning as state activity
2. A norm for planning practice
3. Acting as a criterion for evaluating planning outcomes

Question 5

Wiering en Winnubst wrote an article about PI in the Netherlands. What were the 3 key findings?

Answer 5

1. Dutch FRM remains predominantly unitary
2. Increasing decentralization, climate adaptation, and integrated decision-making have introduced dialogical and utilitarian elements.
3. Flood safety now competes with other PI like spatial planning and environmental protection.

Question 6

According to Mol(ieu-mannetje) there were 3 phases in environmental governance.

Answer 6

Rise (1960), Stagnation (‘80 en 2010) and Reinvention (‘90)

Question 7

Triantafillou wrote an article about Governmentality, based on Focault. What does Governmentality mean?

Answer 7

The art of governing people by shaping their behavior within a framework of freedom and choice.
Focault used the term to analyze how specific ways of reasoning and knowledge systems influence governance practices over time.

Question 8

New Public Management was a form of Neoliberalism (more self governance). Explain NPM.

Answer 8

NPM tries to improve public service efficiency through market-based tools and citizen participation.

Question 9

Name 3 strengths of Neoliberalism (NPM) according to Triantafillou.

Answer 9

1. Reveals hidden power
2. Critical perspective
3. Connects knowledge and power

Question 10

Name 3 weaknesses of Neoliberalism (NPM) according to Triantafillou.

Answer 10

1. Unclear Goals (+ critical potential)
2. Limited Focus on Force (coercion)
3. Overemphasis on Ideas/ little focus on practices