Lecture 3

Question 1

the cranial nerves are numbered from

Answer 1

nose to back (anterior to posterior)

Question 2

all of the cranial nerves are contained in and around the head with the exception of

Answer 2

cranial nerve X

Question 3

polysensory

Answer 3

information from several senses is combined

Question 4

sensory integration (multisensory integration)

Answer 4

process of combining different sensory signals

Question 5

olfactory cortex

Answer 5

processes smell

Question 6

auditory cortex

Answer 6

processes hearing

Question 7

somatosensory cortex

Answer 7

processes touch

Question 8

visual cortex

Answer 8

processes vision

Question 9

the olfactory cortex is located in the

Answer 9

frontal cortex

Question 10

the somatosensory cortex is in the

Answer 10

parietal lobe

Question 11

the visual cortex is in the

Answer 11

occipital lobe

Question 12

the auditory cortex is in the

Answer 12

temporal lobe

Question 13

the areas considered a sensory ‘cortex’ only process

Answer 13

the most basic aspects of senses, any deeper processing happens outside of these cortexes

Question 14

the central fissure separates the

Answer 14

frontal and parietal lobe, with the motor cortex on the frontal side and the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe.

Question 15

The rate law

Answer 15

strength of a stimulus is represented by the rate of firing of an axon; the size of each action potential is constant.

Question 16

rate of firing of an axon is limited by

Answer 16

the refractory period

Question 17

rate law can be understood as the brain recognizing ______ in neuron firing

Answer 17

changes

Question 18

labeled line theory

Answer 18

individual receptors preferentially transduce information about an adequate stimulus

Question 19

in labeled line theory individual primary fibers

Answer 19

carry information from a single type of receptor

Question 20

a good example of neurons that follow labeled line theory are

Answer 20

taste receptors/ taste buds.

Question 21

across-fiber patterning

Answer 21

some sensory systems integrate information across multiple primary afferents; neurons work together to send a signal

Question 22

multimodal afferent endings

Answer 22

more than one sensation can be evoked by their activation

Question 23

Synesthesia

Answer 23

a condition in which people experience cross-modal sensations. This is the perception of one sense in response to the stimulation of a different sense

Question 24

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 24

a technique that, using many electrodes on a scalp, measures electrical activity from populations of many neurons in the brain

Question 25

EEG is controversial because

Answer 25

it is imprecise and needs many trials to make it work well

Question 26

Event-related potential (ERP)

Answer 26

a measure of electrical activity from a subpopulation of neurons in response to particular stimuli that requires averaging many EEG recordings

Question 27

EEG has

Answer 27

decent temporal activity but poor spacial resolution

Question 28

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer 28

a technique, similar to EEG, that measures change in magnetic activity across populations of many neurons in the brain

Question 29

MEG has

Answer 29

high temporal resolution similar to EEG AND good spatial resolution

Question 30

Computerized Tomography (CT)

Answer 30

uses X-rays to create images of slices through volumes of material

Question 31

Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 31

uses repsones of atoms to strong magnetic fields to form images

Question 32

MRI and CT have

Answer 32

good spatial resolution but poor temporal resolution

Question 33

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 33

variant of MRI that measures localized patterns of brain activity based on the changes of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to strong magnetic fields

Question 34

in fMRI the highlighted areas represent

Answer 34

areas that have become MORE active than previous, not strictly where there was just activity

Question 35

fMRI has

Answer 35

decent spacial and okay temporal resolution

Question 36

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 36

allows us to define locations in the brain where neurons are especially active by measuring the metabolism of brain cells using safe radioactive isotopes

Question 37

PET has

Answer 37

great temporal resolution and spatial resolution but can't be done constantly.