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Lecture 3 Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A

Support, Movement/leverage, Protects major organs, Storage for minerals, Red blood cells form in marrow

Red blood cells are needed for growth.

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2
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Compact and Cancellous (trabecular)

Both types have the same material but different structures.

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of compact bone?

A

Strong, Transmits force in one direction.

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of cancellous bone?

A

Light/spongey, Shock absorbing, Resists and channels force from multiple directions, Found at the ends of long bones.

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5
Q

What defines long bones?

A

Longer than wide, Wider epiphysis and long thin diaphysis, Usually found in limbs, Levers for movements.

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6
Q

What defines short bones?

A

Close to equal length and width, Mostly cancellous bone, Found mainly in hands and feet, Absorbs lots of shock.

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7
Q

What are flat bones primarily used for?

A

Muscle attachment and protection

Examples include the scapula, skull, sternum, and ribs.

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8
Q

What characterizes irregular bones?

A

Don’t fit into other categories, Various shapes and functions, Not long or round, Example: vertebrae.

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9
Q

What comprises the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

Protects vital organs and is mostly flat.

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10
Q

What comprises the appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones of limbs

Help with movement and are mostly long.

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11
Q

What is the function of the cranium?

A

Encloses brain, Protects and supports sensory organs.

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12
Q

What is the structure of the vertebral column?

A

Keeps trunk upright, Supports head, Lots of muscle attachments.

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13
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7.

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14
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12.

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15
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5.

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16
Q

What is the rib cage also known as?

A

Thoracic cage.

17
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

18
Q

What is the structure of limb bones?

A

One proximal bone (humerus/femur), Two distal bones (radius, ulna/tibia, fibula).

19
Q

What is the reason for the shape of limbs in bipedalism?

A

Stability for movement, Flexibility in arms, Adaptation for manipulation of the environment.

20
Q

What is the structure of the pelvic girdle?

A

Hips, Sacrum, Os coxae

Creates pelvis for weight bearing.

21
Q

What are the three bones that each hip is made of when young?

A

Ilium, Pubis, Ischium.

22
Q

What is sexual dimorphism in the pelvic structure related to?

A

Childbirth, Maximizing space in pelvic cavity.

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the pelvic cavity in females?

A

More circular, Larger pelvic outlet, Larger subpubic angle.