Lecture 3/24

Question 1

would a deletion on an exon affect a dna fragment size in pcr? how?

Answer 1

it would make the fragment smaller, so the frag would travel further to the pos side

Question 2

would a point mutation on an exon affect a dna fragment size in pcr? how?

Answer 2

it would not affect the size

Question 3

maybe put in cards about the globin gene for sickle cell?

Question 4

is DNA neg or pos charged?

Answer 4

neg

Question 5

on a gel, are smaller fragments going a longer or shorter distance? to the neg or pos side?

Answer 5

longer distance, to the + side

Question 6

restriction enzymes are an example of _________

Answer 6

endonucleases

Question 7

if a WT sample was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected?

Answer 7

there would be 2 frags instead of one, and the frags would be smaller than the original WT frag

Question 8

if a sample with a deletion before the middle was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected compared to WT with ecor1?

Answer 8

the top frag would be smaller than in wt bc of the deletion, but the bottom frag wouldn’t be affected

Question 9

if a sample with a point mutation before the middle was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected compared to WT with ecor1?

Answer 9

it would look the same as the wt

Question 10

if a sample with a deletion in the middle was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected compared to WT with ecor1?

Answer 10

there would be only one frag, but slightly smaller than the regular WT frag

Question 11

does RNA have introns?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

would a deletion on an intron affect a protein fragment size in northerns? how?

Answer 12

wouldn’t affect frag size unless the mutation affects splicing

Question 13

would a deletion in a promoter region affect a protein fragment size in northerns? how?

Answer 13

you would see less transcription, so the band would be thinner

Question 14

what is the minimum number for a population (for studying)?

Answer 14

30

Question 15

are anthers/stamen male or female organs?

Answer 15

male

Question 16

are ovules male or female organs?

Answer 16

female and they’re in the ovary

Question 17

what is true breeding?

Answer 17

lines that produce offspring carrying specific parental characteristics that remain constant from generation to generation

Question 18

what is P0?

Answer 18

parental generation

Question 19

what is F1?

Answer 19

first generation

Question 20

what is an allele?

Answer 20

the alternative possibilities of inheritance for a gene

Question 21

do all genes have 2 alleles?

Answer 21

no – eyes, height, etc.

Question 22

what carries only one allele for each inherited trait?

Answer 22

gametes (egg or sperm)

Question 23

what is the law of segregation?

Answer 23

2 alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation; 2 alleles will then unite randomly, one from each parent, during fertilization

Question 24

what is the genotypic ratio of 2 heterozygotes?

Answer 24

1:2:1

Question 25

what is the phenotypic ratio of 2 heterozygotes?

Answer 25

3:1

Question 26

what is the product rule?

Answer 26

probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities

Question 27

what is the sum rule?

Answer 27

probability of either of two mutually exclusive events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities

Question 28

in a Y/g X Y/g cross, what is the probability of getting Y/Y in F1?

Answer 28

1/2 probability of getting Y from father; 1/2 probability of getting Y from mother. 1/2x1/2 = 1/4

Question 29

what is a test cross?

Answer 29

a way to establish a GT, phenotype of heterozygote establishes dominance

Question 30

what GT must be present in a testcross?

Answer 30

a truebreeding recessive

Question 31

what is the phenotypic pattern of F2 of true breeding plants (homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive) with 2 genes of interest?

Answer 31

9:3:3:1

Question 32

the law of independent assortment holds true if gene are on different __________ or are ______________________ to allow _________

Answer 32

chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome to allow high levels of recombination

Question 33

how are genes/traits on different chromosomes notated?

Answer 33

they are separated by a semi colon

Question 34

how do you calculate the possible number of gamete genotypes from a hybrid?

Answer 34

raise 2 to the power of the number of different traits (ie Aa Bb Cc Dd = 2^4 = 16 kinds of gametes (Punnett would be 16x16)

Question 35

what is an easier way than setting up punnett squares with multiple traits?

Answer 35

breaking it down into independently assorting monohybrid crosses

Question 36

what's the probability of getting a yellow wrinkled pea from a YgRwxYgRw cross?

Answer 36

probability of getting yellow = 3/4, probability of getting wrinkled is 1/4. 1/4x3/4 = 3/16

Question 37

if parental plants are true breeding and A is dominant to B, what are the results of the breeding?

Answer 37

all plant A

Question 38

if plant A x plant B cross yields 1/2 plant A and 1/2 plant B, what does that tell us about parental GT?

Answer 38

one parental plant true-breeding one parental plant heterozygous

Question 39

if plant A x plant A cross yields 3/4 plant A, 1/4 plant B, what does that tell us about parental GT?

Answer 39

both parental plants are het and A is dominant to B

Question 40

if leaf A, root A x leaf B, root B yields all leaf A, root A, what does that tell us about parental GT?

Answer 40

parents true-breeding for leaf and root traits and leaf A dominant to leaf B root A dominant to root B

Question 41

if a leaf A, root A x leaf A, root A cross leads to 9/16 leaf A, root A 3/16 leaf A, root B 3/16 leaf B, root A 1/16 leaf B, root B what does that tell us about parental GT?

Answer 41

both parents are het for leaf and root traits

Question 42

if leaf A, root A x leaf A, root A cross yields ¾ leaf A, root A ¼ leaf B, root A what does that tell us about parental GT?

Answer 42

parent plants are true breeding for root traits and het for leaf traits

Question 43

can probability exceed 1?

Answer 43

no