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Endocrine > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What gland is the master gland?

A

hypothalamus-directs the pituitary

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2
Q

What hormones are made in the anterior pituitary?

A

ACTH GH TSH Prl LH FSH

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3
Q

What functions are controlled by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

-metabolism -growth and development -reproduction -lactation -response to stress

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4
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary make?

A

OT and AVP

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5
Q

What does the posterior pituitary do?

A

water balance parturition and lactation

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6
Q

What artery runs from the hypothalamus to the pituitary?

A

superior hypophyseal artery

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7
Q

What is the median eminence?

A

floor of hypothalamus convergence point for axons where hormones are released outside bbb so it can sense peripheral information

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8
Q

SCN suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

sleep cardiac rhythms

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9
Q

ARC Arcuate nucleus

A

feeding behavior/satiety mood stress emotion (with Paraventricular nucleus)

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10
Q

PVN paraventricular nucleus

A

thirst mood emotion stress (with arcuate nucleus) blood pressure

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11
Q

Preoptic nucleus POA

A

reproduction body temperature

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12
Q

Where do all hypothalamic releasing factors target?

A

anterior pituitary

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13
Q

GnRH (peptide) brain nuclei pit target hormone released function

A

POA(Preoptic nucleus) has majority (but scattered) gonadotropes FSH, LH Reproduction

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14
Q

CRH (peptide) brain nuclei pit target function

A

PVN (paraventricular) corticotropes ACTH Glucocorticoids

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15
Q

TRH (peptide) brain nuclei pit target hormone released function

A

PVN (paraventricular nucleus) thryotropes TSH Thyroid Hormone

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16
Q

GHRH (peptide) brain nuclei pit target hormone released function

A

Arcuate Nucleus somatotropes GH Growth and Development

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17
Q

Somatostatin (GHRH inhibitor) brain nuclei pit target hormone released function

A

pErIventricular nucleus somatotrope …. Inhibits GH

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18
Q

Dopamine (amine) brain nuclei pit target hormone released function

A

Arcuate nucleus Lactotrope prolactin milk production

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19
Q

What is the secondary messenger of TRH(3) and GnRH?

A

IP3/DAG/PKC

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20
Q

What is the secondary messenger of CRH, GHRH(44), Somatostatin)?

A

cAMP

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21
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH Where is the largest concentration of GNRH cell bodies? Where do the axons go?

Study These Flashcards
A

largest concentration in the POA (preoptic nucleus) Relatively few in humans very long axons toward median eminance

22
Q

Is the decapeptide GnRH highly conserved among vertebrates?

Study These Flashcards
A

yes, because very important

23
Q

What happens in the rare genetic disease kallman syndrome?

Study These Flashcards
A

GnRH neurons fail to enter the CNS -reproduction failure and anosmia

24
Q

How is Kallan’s inherited?

Study These Flashcards
A

X-linked=Kal1 Autosomal=Kal2

25
What is the hypophysial portal system?
vascular connections between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland (discovered with failed transplantation in other locations-needed vascular system re-established)
26
How do they measure GnRH and what are they looking at?
pulsatility measured from portal vein
27
What does GnRH pulsatility determine? fast slow
which gonadotropin subunit is released regulates synthesis and release Fast=more LH Slow=more FSH
28
What is the tuberoinfundibular system?
all neurons that send axonal projections to the median eminence. Hormones target the anterior pituitary through the capillary system
29
What is the neurohypophysial tract?
comprises neurons whose axons terminate in the posterior pituitary
30
What makes up the anterior pituitary gland?
pars distalis pars tuberalis pars intermedia
31
What makes up the posterior pituitary gland?
pars nervosa infundibulum (stalk)
32
What happens if there is a tumor in the anterior pituitary(pituitary adenoma)?
Because of the sella turcica it causes the tumor to move up and this causes vision problems
33
What type of tissue makes up the posterior pituitary(neurohypophysis)?
neural tissue: terminal axons and glial cells
34
What type of tissue makes up the anterior pituitary(adenohypophysis)?
glandular tissue: cords of epithelial
35
What type of neurons terminate in the neurohypophysis (neurohypophysial tract) ?
magnocellular neurons
36
What is the blood supply to posterior pituitary?
Inferior hypophysial artery- has its own capillary bed -not part of portal system \*
37
WHat are the major hormones of the posterior pituitary?
AVP (arginine vasopressin) and oxytocin (OXY)
38
Where do the axons of the magnocellular neurons in the posterior pituitary terminate?
near fenestrated capillaries
39
What are pituicytes?
glial cells of the posterior pituitary -assist in storage and release of neurohypophysial hormones
40
What are herring bodies?
-dilations of unmyelinated axons near their terminals (where hormones are being released, found right next to capillaries) -contain vesicles of AVP or OXY plus binding protein neurophysin
41
What are the two main things in the posterior pituitary?
Pituicytes-glial cells, help with storage and release of hormones Herring bodies -unmyelinated axon terminals
42
What is the median eminence?
interface for all hypophysiotropic hormones -converge on the capillary bed -lies outside BBB and forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle
43
What types of cells are acidophils? How abundant are they?
40% most abundant 1. Somatotrophs= growth hormone (GH) 2. Lactotrophs=prolactin (lactation)
44
What type of cells are basophils? How abundant are they?
10% 1. corticotrophs= ATCH (stress) 2. gonadotrophs= LH/FSH (reproduction) 3. thyrotrophs= thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
45
What do chromophobes do? How abundant are they?
50% paracine actions support health of other cells in the pituitary
46
What color are acidophils basophils and chromophobes?
acidophils(40%)=light pink basophils(10%)=dark purple chromophobes(50%)=translucent appearance
47
What cells are toward outside of the anterior pituitary?
Gh(growth hormone) and PRL (prolactin) =acidophils
48
What is the process from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary to system circulation?
1. parvicellular neurons 2. axonal transport 3. median eminence: CRH
49
What is the process from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary to system circulation?
1. Magnocellular neurons 2. axonal transport 3. posterior pituitary: OT, AVP, NP 4. systemic circulation
50
Do most hormones have circadian rhythms? What makes you wake up in the morning?
yes cortisol- peak changes as you get older

Endocrine (11 decks)

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