Lecture 3 Flashcards
Bunker Hill
Who: Israel Putnam/ Artemas Ward(AM) Vs. Thomas Gage (BRIT)
What: Am. tries to force Brit out of Boston/ Israel Putnam plants artillery on Breeds Hill. First time British Army retreats. AM is low on Ammo (13 rounds per person-Don’t shoot until you see white of eyes) Brit navy flanks Am, Stopping supplie line
When:June 17, 1775
Where: Boston- Breeds Hill (called Bunker Hill though)
HS: Americans showed that they could hold their own against the British Army. It showed that this was going to turn into a long drawn out war. America would not give up easily. Brits took 50% casualties. Thomas Gage is fired. William Howe took his place. Psychology of Bunker Hill.
William Howe
Who: What: Took place of Thomas Gage. Made deal with GW that if he let his troops leave Boston, then he won't burn Boston. Howe then goes to NY to seal off NY from New England. Defeated GW at the Battle of Brooklyn Heights(August 27, 1776) When: Where: HS:
Johnny Burgoyne
Who: What: When: Where: HS:
Henry Clinton
Who: What: Took command after Howe was fired. Commander of the British Army. Led troops to battle in Monmouth and When Where: HS:
Monmouth
Who:Henry Clinton/ Cornwallis(BRIT) Vs. G. Washinton Vs. Charles Lee(AM)
What:Largest Battle to date. Many dies of Heat stroke. GW finest hour. Black troops are used on both sides.
Molly Pitcher- first Rosy the Riveter. Took place of husband and helped fire cannons. Battle ended in a draw at night and next day British had retreated to continue march to NY
When: June 28, 1778
Where:NJ
HS: AM hold their own making the Brits realize that they are becoming more effective in tactics and discipline
Fort Ticonderoga
Who: Major William Delaplace(BRITS) vs. Colonel Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold(AM) (Green Mountain Boys of Vermont)
What: Allen and Arnold command together (80 men). They rush side entrance into the fort. British hold Fort. Arnold and Allen take fort before Brits wake up. Take Delaplace
When: May 10, 1775
Where: Lake Champlain NY
HS: Beginning of Benedict Arnold’s successes. Fort had an arsenal of artillery. The cannons are transported back to Boston that GW uses to force British to surrender.
Benedict Arnold
Who: What: Marches to Quebec to get them to join the AM cause. He showed overwhelming leadership and laid siege to Quebec. Helps with command in Ft Ticonderoga. When: Where: HS:
Ethan Allen
Who: What: When: Where: HS:
Henry Knox
Who: What: Sent By GW to from Boston to get artillery(Ft Ticonderoga) to Boston. Will force Britain to yield. Bookkeeper before becoming a general. GW saw something special in him and he knew a lot about artillery. When: Where: HS:
Saratoga
Who: Burgoyne and Fraiser (BRIT) Vs. Gates and Arnold( AM)
What: Arnold goes against Gates. Most important battle of American Revolution. British was trying to control upstate NY
When: Sept 19 - Oct 17, 1777
Where:
HS: Proved America could Win. French decided to join the war effort.
Thomas Paine
Who: What: Wrote Common Sense Wanted to create a Republic and independence from the British Empire. says that "George III is the ruling Brute of England." He also gave a warning about national debt could be used as a bond, but when debt gets too large it becomes too large of a bond When: January 1776 Where: Philadelphia HS:
Common Sense
Who: Thomas Paine
What: Thomas Paine wrote. To be able to make affordable, he gave all the proceeds to the publishers. Most Important book ever written in America. Takes all ideas at the time and puts into book to show why America needs independence in a republic. It makes no sense for Britain to rule America. sold over 100,000 copies in America.
When: January 1776
Where: Philadelphia
HS: Brought about a stronger need for independence from Britain.
Richard Henry Lee
Who:
What: He made a motion to the Continental Congress to move that American Colonies should be free and independent states
When: June??
Where:
HS: Made the Continental Congress discuss for a month+ Whether they should be free. At the end when the motion is passed the bill that is the Declaration of independence.
Declaration of Independence
Who: Thomas Jefferson wrote it. What: When: July 2, 1776( this bill is passed) the Document is ready for signatures July 4, 1776 Where: HS:
Henry Clinton
British general who coordinated with Benedict Arnold to attempt to capture West Point in 1780. Sends a spy “John Anderson” (John Andre) to receive plans from Arnold.
Guildford Courthouse
Who: Nathaniel Green(AM) Vs. Cornwallis(Brit)
What: Greene is in charge of the Militia and knows that they can not stand a bayonet charge so he creates a plan to have them retreat so the Calvary (Who were hiding) could take charge then.
When: March 15, 1781
Where: North Carolina
HS:
Hessians
Who: People (missionaries) from German States
What: Cornwallis hired them to keep watch during winter months to make sure GW and his troops did not come back to attack
When: December 14, 1776
Where: Trenton, New Jersey
HS:
Treaty of Paris 1783
Who: John Adams, John Jay, Benjamin Franklin
What: American Ambassadors to sign treaty to end the war in America keeping in mind not to trust the French. Goal was to have Britain recognize American independence, make sure British recognized American boundaries: Atlantic = East. Mississippi river = West. Great Lakes = North. British Florida = South.
When: Signed September 3, 1783
Where: Paris
HS: American independence. Agreement sows seeds for future conflict as American borders come into conflict with Spanish, as they did not want U.S. independence. U.S. would encourage the states to repay their debts to British merchants and protect lives and property of Loyalists - which becomes a problem under the Articles of Confederation.
Battle of the Chesapeake
Who: French leader Comte de Grasse and British leader Thomas Graves
What: French Navy arrives before the British and ends up miraculously defeating the British.
When: September 5, 1781
Where: Chesapeake Bay
HS: French beat the British Navy. Forces Cornwallis to Surrender.
Yorktown
Who: British - General Charles Cornwallis, Brig. General Charles O’Hara. Americans: George Washington, General Comte de Rochambeau, and Marquis de Lafayette.
What: Cornwallis is hoping to find success in Virginia, Benedict Arnold is sent ahead to recruit any Loyalists/deserters. Arrival of Rochambeau promised Washington that French Navy would come. Lafayette is moving south from Maryland to isolate Cornwallis.
When: September 28 - October 1781
Where: Yorktown, Virginia
HS: Cornwallis surrenders and the American Revolution comes to an end.
Nathaniel Greene
Who:
What: battle of Guildford Courthouse?? He puts militia out there, but has already planned the retreat in the battle. He hid the Calvary off in the flanks so when British advance, the militia runs away and the continental line was waiting for them.
When: Battle of Guildford Courthouse March 15, 1781
Where: North Carolina
HS:
Guildford Courthouse
Who: Nathaniel Green(AM) Vs. Cornwallis(Brit) What: Greene When: Where: HS:
Battle of Cowpens
Who: British: Lt. Colonel Banastre Tartleton. Americans: Brig. General Daniel Morgan and Lt. Colonel William Washington
What: Calvary battle. American victory and Tartleton loses portion of the British cavalry
When: January 17, 1781
Where: South Carolina
HS: Loss of cavalry cannot provide scouting for Cornwallis.
Battle of Guilford Courthouse
Who: British: Lt. General Charles Cornwallis and Brig. General Charles O’Hara. Americans: Major General Nathaniel Greene and Lt. Colonel William Washington
What: British defeat the Americans but the loss of British soldiers are high.
When: March 15, 1781
Where: North Carolina
HS: Heavy loss of British soldiers ends up becoming an American victory.
