Lecture 3

Question 1

Who was Sir Clifford Sifton?

Answer 1

he was the minister of the interior and promoted people to live in the prairies to stop Canadians emigrating into America. He also discouraged Italian immigration into Canada.

Question 2

What was advertised to get people to the prairies?

Answer 2

Wheat crop and fertile soil

Question 3

What was Marquis Wheat?

Answer 3

this was a hardier wheat with a longer growing period which was one innovation that helped immigration into the prairies.

Question 4

T or f, Canada was advertised as, “Canada, the last best West”

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Sifton was succeeded by Frank Oliver who had a preference for who immigrated into the prairies. What wee these preferences?

Answer 5

He favoured immigration from other provinces / American / Britain. He avoided Eastern European people and people of colour

Question 6

Winnipeg strike of 1919? What was the Red scare?

Answer 6

during 1919, people developed an anti-foreign attitude due to the fear of communism taking over. labour unrest and high costs of living led to the 1919 Winnipeg strike.

Question 7

t or f, revised immigration act in 1929 stopped the deportation of immigrants.

Answer 7

False, the revision increased deportation due to the red scare. Foreigners were perceived as problems.

Question 8

t or f, Chinese head tax was 500$ in 1903.

Answer 8

True, this was the same price as 2 houses

Question 9

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Answer 9

the head tax was removed and instead, Chinese people were simply banned except for a few valuable people.

Question 10

What is patronage?

Answer 10

Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another.

Question 11

Immigrants were troubled everywhere, so what commodity did they turn to to help them stay in Canada?

Answer 11

Their vote

Question 12

what was the political machine?

Answer 12

this was the idea that politicians would allow immigrants to stay in Canada as long as they were promised that immigrants vote. A new breed of broker / boss emerged –> the politician.

Question 13

a political boss would channel votes into an entity known as the?

Answer 13

The Machine

Question 14

What was patronage in Canada? What was a padrone system?

Answer 14

Patronage –> labour work was given to immigrants who promised political votes (the machine). this “contract” is a padrone system.

Question 15

t or f, the roots of American organized crime are first seen with prohibition.

Answer 15

false, prohibition propelled organized crime but was not the first roots of it. The political machine was the first roots of OC.

Question 16

what was the Saloon and Saloon-keeper?

Answer 16

the Saloon was the centre of neighbourhood activity where the Saloon-keeper or really the machine leader, mediated upper world and under world activity

Question 17

what was demon rum?

Answer 17

the term used for liquor who many blamed to be the reason for societies problems

Question 18

what was the Temperance act?

Answer 18

this placed regulations on the sale / consumption of alcohol. Still legal tho

Question 19

what province first prohibited alcohol?

Answer 19

PEI

Question 20

What was the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?

Answer 20

These woman argued that alcohol abuse was the root of unemployment, disease, poverty, etc. and thus, campaigned for legal prohibition.

Question 21

after WCTU lobbying, the Ontario Temperance act banned liquor

Answer 21

true

Question 22

t or f, Canada banned the consumption of liquor, but not the production

Answer 22

true - this is how OC came about. alcohol produced could be smuggled and networks could be created and black markets could be created

Question 23

what was British Eugenics?

Answer 23

Britain looked at class conflict and poverty to be the root of problems and not alcohol. They believed that society is like a garden which needs some weeding. I.e. breed out disease. Often race was considered the problem

Question 24

T or f, certain places such as BC permitted surgical sterilization to prevent the lineage of bad genes?

Answer 24

true, although bad genes was poorly classified

Question 25

Since Canada was allowed to produce alcohol, where was it primarily exported too?

Answer 25

Cuba

Question 26

t or f, many exports to Cuba were simply labelled to Cuba but were really being shipped to somewhere in Canada.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

t or f, most of the liquor produced in Canada during prohibition was produced domestically.

Answer 27

false, around 80% was exported to America. However, 20% was consumed illegally in Canada.

Question 28

what was the B-13?

Answer 28

B-13 was the clearance document where you filled out the supplies, destination, etc. However, this was used along with small bribes as a document to indicate that the contents in booze and that its needs to be smuggled

Question 29

B-13 facilitated domestic supply and consumption during prohibition? where was B-13 processing located

Answer 29

true and MTL

Question 30

explain how prohibition facilitated OCS’s?

Answer 30

During prohibition, there was a demand for alcohol. However, legal means of selling this were unattainable. Therefore, prohibition was conducive for the creation of illegal smuggling pathways, black markets, corruption, and organization structures. OCS’s don’t care about the commodity, they care about the underground structure.

Question 31

t or f, before prohibition, the political machine ran everything in a disorganized manner. After prohibition, OCS’s began to gain control and remove some control from politics

Answer 31

true

Question 32

what was the detroit river?

Answer 32

the main conduit for contraband from Canada

Question 33

was prohibition a success?

Answer 33

not at all. It was done to reduce crime, reduce corruption, solve social problems.

crime and corruption increased. the prohibition was a springboard for mafia-type groups to commence.

Question 34

Political machine > vice entrepreneurs > disorganized crime / gangs

after prohibition

OC’s > PM > VE

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

t or f, Prohibition drew Canada further into the web of American Organized Crime. Notorious OCS’s became branches of american OC and regularly dealt with Canadian Distilleries. Many forged their alcohol into black markets evading thousands of tax dollars

Answer 35

true

Question 36

t or f, Canadian distilleries contributed to the expansion and modernization of OC. Furthermore, they provided the economic basis for italian-american sydicates

Answer 36

true

Question 37

Who was Rocco Perri?

Answer 37

He was an Italian-born OC boss based in Ontario. He was a prominent figure during prohibition. He entered Canada in 1908

Question 38

who was Bessie Perri?

Answer 38

Rocco’s wife. She left her husband and 2 children to be with Rocco who apparently fell in love at first sight.

Question 39

What was Bessie and Rocco involved in?

Answer 39

Bootlegging alcohol in Hamilton

Question 40

t or f, Bessie was killed in the garage of her own home due to bootlegging disputes

Answer 40

true

Question 41

who was Al Capone

Answer 41

He was an American Bootlegger known as scarface.

Question 42

who were Samuel Bronfman and Paul Matoff?

Answer 42

they were brother in law bootleggers. Matoff was shot dead over a booze debate

Question 43

t or f, Sam Bronfam paid up taxes he owed so that he could turn his company into a legal liquor business post-prohibition?

Answer 43

true

Question 44

T or f, despite prohibition ending, contraband liquor still remains profitable for many groups esp. in Quebec.

Answer 44

true - Joe Normandin