Lecture 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Species affected with cardiac glycosides
Ruminants and horses
Main effects of cardiac glycosides include
- Sudden death
- Cardial arrhythmias
- Diarrhoea with fresh blood
- Pre-renal azotemia
- Focal myocyte necrosis
Mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides
Interfere with Na+/K+ ATPase decreasing intracellular K+ which can result in heart block and increased calcium which can reault in the overactivation of actin/mysin and consequence cardiac arrhythmias
How to treat cardiac glycoside toxicity
Activated charcoal
Electrolyte replacement given to rehydrate the rumen and anti-arrhythmic drugs
- Atropine for bradycardia
- Propranolol for tachycadia
What sort of poisoning is cane toad poison
Cardiac glycoside
What states whould you expect to see 1080 poisoning
QLD, NT, WA
Animals affected by 1080
Dogs, ruminatns, horses, pigs
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroacetate
TCA cycle stopped depriving cells of energy
Symptoms of 1080 poisoning
CNS and alimentary tract hyperactivity
Symptoms of 1080 poisoning in cattle and sheep
Heartfailure predominates, myocardinal scarring in survivors, colvulsion, depression
Therapy for 1080 poisoning
Anaesthesai to prevent muscle convulsions
Admin. of bicarbonate IV
What is the source of Grayanotoxins
Rhodoendron species
Mechanism of action of grayanotoxins
Modifies cell membrane Na channels
Main effects of grayanotoxin
Vomiting
Cardiac arrhythmia
Aspiration pneumionia
Sudden death
Therapy for Grayanotoxins
Temove source, rehydrate, adsorbants, antiarrhythmics
What would you expect to see in ruminats with toxic levels of Galegine
Hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema
What is the mode of action of Galegine toxins
Modifies cell membrane Na channels
What is an example of an alkaloid causing death
Cyanobacterial alkaloid neurotoxins and hepatotoxins
What are some factors that increase the risk of cyanobacterial blooms
- Increased watre nutrients
- Seasonally-reduced flow rates in inland river systems
- Reduced salinity
- Wind
- Irrigation with contaminated water
What are the two types of cyanophyte alkaloid toxins and how to they cause death
Hepatotoxic - massive hepatic necrosis
Neurotoxins - respiratory arrest
