Lecture 3 - Accidents

Question 1

What is an accident?

Answer 1

An unintended happening, mishap.

Question 2

Most often an ____ is any ___ event that results in personal ____ or in _____ damage

Answer 2

Accident
Unplanned
Injury
Property

Question 3

What is an accident

Answer 3

Unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of events that occurs through a combination of causes

resulting in physical harm, injury or disease, damage to property, mental trauma or a near miss

Question 4

Conceptual Accident

Answer 4

Initial contact between two or more hazards in an unplanned state.

Contact must represent a primary event

Question 5

What is the 1969 bird triangle?

Answer 5

The triangle shows a relationship between the number of accidents resulting in serious injury, minor injuries or no injuries

Question 6

RRIAA - what does it stand for

Answer 6

Report
Record
Investigate
Analyse
Action

Question 7

Who would you report an accident to?

RTSII

Answer 7

RIDDOR
Trade Association 
Safety Rep
Internal
Insurance

Question 8

Why would someone deliberately not report an accident?

Answer 8

Fear of punishment
Don’t want to ruin personal reputation/record
Don’t want to ruin department record
Peer group pressure

Question 9

Where would you record an accident?

Answer 9

Computers
Card index
Social Security record book
Medical treatment book
personnel database

Question 10

Frequency rate

Answer 10

total injuries / total hours worked x 100,000

Question 11

Incidence rate =

Answer 11

total accident / number employees x 1000

Question 12

Severity rate =

Answer 12

Total days lost / total hours worked x 1000

Question 13

Investigate

5 W’s 1 H?

Answer 13

Why
Who
What
Where
When
How

Question 14

Why INVESTIGATE?

Answer 14

Legal requirement
Litigation - civil/criminal
Prevent recurrence
Important for statistics
Assign correct Blame
Morale/psychological reasons

Question 15

Who INVESTIGATES?

Answer 15

Safety advisor
Safety rep
Supervisor/Manager
(Only for minor accident)

Question 16

What are we after when INVESTIGATING?

Answer 16

Accurate evidence
Criticism
Legal use

Question 17

Where do we INVESTIGATE?

Answer 17

Scene of accident

Interview?

Question 18

When do we INVESTIGATE?

Answer 18

ASAP!!

Question 19

How do we obtain the evidence?

(5 P’s)

(Investigate)

Answer 19

Places
People
Positions
Parts
Paper

Question 20

Recording the facts 3 key parts?

Answer 20

Interview witnesses ASAP
Document the accident scene before changes are made. Sketch, Photos, Measurements
Gather support documents such as; 
maintenance records 
reports
production
schedules 
process diagrams

Question 21

How should records be kept

Answer 21

All notes and remarks in a bound notebook or three ring binder.

Question 22

What needs to be recorded in an accident? 3 things

Answer 22

Pre-accident conditions
Accident sequence
Post accident conditions

Question 23

Document ____ location, were there any _____? Machinery ___ sources and other factors

Answer 23

Victim
Witnesses
Energy

Question 24

Interviewing is an excellent source of ____ ___ _____

Answer 24

First hand knowledge

Question 25

What are the first three steps to take when INTERVIEWING?

Answer 25

1) Get prelim statements ASAP from all witnesses 2) Locate the position of each witness on a master chart 3) Explain the purpose of the investigation - ease witness

Question 26

What are 4 common Interview practices

Answer 26

1) Let each witness speak freely with no distractions 2) Use sketches and diagrams to help witness 3) Emphasise areas of direct obbo - label hearsay accordingly 4) Record EXACT words of witness

Question 27

You should always identify the _____ of each ______

Answer 27

Qualifications | Witness

Question 28

You should always supply each ____ with a copy of their _____

Answer 28

Witness | Statement

Question 29

What is a direct cost of injury

Answer 29

Personal injury claim Fine Plant damage

Question 30

What is an indirect cost of injury

Answer 30

Disruption to business | Damage to reputation

Question 31

Poor Management Safety Policy & Decisions Personal Factors Environmental Factors Are all examples of what?

Answer 31

A basic cause

Question 32

Unsafe Act Unsafe Condition Are examples of what?

Answer 32

Indirect causes

Question 33

Unplanned release of hazardous material Is an example of what?

Answer 33

Direct cause

Question 34

Heinrich's Theorems Approach to Accident Causation/Prevention was created when?

Answer 34

1932 H.W. Heinrich

Question 35

The Domino Theory is also called what?

Answer 35

Industrial Accident Causation Model

Question 36

5 stages of the Domino Theory?

Answer 36

1) Social Environment and Ancestry 2) Fault of the Person (Carelessness) 3) Unsafe Act or Condition 4) Accident 5) Injury

Question 37

Critical Incident Investigation First 6 stages? (12 in total)

Answer 37

1) Understand the need. 2) Prepare for the investigation 3) Gather the facts. 4) Analyse the facts. 5) Develop conclusions 6) Analyse conclusions

Question 38

Critical Incident Investigation Last 6 Stages? | 12 in total

Answer 38

7) Make report 8) Make recommendations 9) Correct the situation 10) Follow through on recommendations 11) Critique the investigation 12) Double check the corrective action

Question 39

Understanding the need 3 questions?

Answer 39

What do we want to accomplish? Do we want to prevent future incidents? Are there better ways for the job to be done?

Question 40

Why do facts need to be analysed in an accident?

Answer 40

Suggest short, intermediate and long term solutions Provides broader picture of events. Provide checkpoints in the questioning process.

Question 41

_____ are based on what is ___ and what is not ____

Answer 41

Conclusions Known Known

Question 42

Reanalyse each conclusion to determine its validity.. What ____ it What doesn't _____ it

Answer 42

Supports | Supports

Question 43

Report Recommendations. Provide a ___ _____ of what happened Place the incident in _______ order

Answer 43

brief synopsis | Chronological

Question 44

Critique investigation, why must this be done?

Answer 44

To determine what problems arose, why they rose and if the data is stored properly.

Question 45

Actions purpose is to ____ the _____

Answer 45

Fix | System