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Foundations III > Lecture 3 CNS and Respiratory system > Flashcards

Lecture 3 CNS and Respiratory system Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Auditory hallucinations

A

hearing things

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2
Q

visual hallucinations

A

seeing things

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3
Q

Paranoia

A

thinking something bad will happen

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4
Q

Delusions

A

acting out things they are feeling

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5
Q

Rapidity of speech

A

speaking fast

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6
Q

Dysarthria

A

slurred speech or difficulty speaking

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7
Q

Aphasia

A

unable to speak or understand

spoken or written

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8
Q

Hemiplegia

A

half paralysis on one side

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9
Q

Hemiparesis

A

weakness or partial loss of mvmt

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10
Q

facial droop

A

Bells Palsy

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11
Q

Tremor

A

benign essential tremor

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12
Q

pill-rolling tremor

A

at rest signs of Parkinson’s disease

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13
Q

Cogwheeling

A

picking arm up from elbow robotic

sign of parkingson’s disease

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14
Q

Memory loss

A

short term

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15
Q

Bradykinesia

A

walking very slow

sign of parkinson’s disease

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16
Q

Micrographia

A

writting small

parkingson’s disease

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17
Q

Psychiatric illness

A

clinical diagnosis, some test r/o problems using clinical decision tools to guide based on series symp

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18
Q

parkinson’s disease and Alzheimers

A

most clincal diagnoses based on symptomatology and known characteristics

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19
Q

PE

A

physical exam: Neurological exam, look at nerve function (cranial nerve exam, tendon reflexes, watching patients do tasks walk)

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20
Q

Imagining

A

important to r/o or r/i CVA MRI, CT

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21
Q

MRI

A

imaging, look for hemmorhage, spinal cord lesios to disgnose Multiple Sclerosis (plaques)

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22
Q

CT

A

imaging look for hemmorhage

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23
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography look at electrical actv of brain

diagnosis of epilepsy and identify focus of seizure act

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24
Q

CSF evaluation

A

cerebrospinal fluid LP (lumbar puncture)

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25
LP
lumbar puncture great risk of infections and painful done only warranted in MS and meningitis
26
Multiple Sclerosis LP results
see immunoglobulins in CSF (oligoclonal bands)
27
Meningitis LP
other abnormalities depending on cause viral or bacterial
28
labs to r/o infection
CBC, LP for CSF
29
labs r/o drug toxicity
tox screen for illicit drugs: opioids, LSD, PCP, amphetamines
30
labs r/o renal failure or hepatic failure
BMP, LFT's, Alb, PT& INR, Bilirubin
31
ABG
arterial blood gas: direct measue of O2 and CO2 in blood
32
asthma, COPD
diseases: involve problems with lumen (bronchioles)
33
resp disease
cancer
34
URI
upper resp tract infection: sinuses, pharynx, larynx
35
LRI
lower resp tract infection: trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli
36
Dyspnea
trouble breathing, shortness of breath | could be cardiac symp as well
37
Orthopnea
difficulty breathing while laying down
38
Pleuritic chest pain
sharp pain on inspiration
39
tachypnea
rapid resp rate
40
cough
ask productive or non-productive of sputum
41
cyanosis
bluish skin and mucous membranes bc hypoxia (low O2)
42
Wheezing
obstructed airflow through bronchioles
43
Stridor
obstructed airflow across larynx/ trachea (upper)
44
adventitious lung sounds
abnormal sounds
45
RR
PE: respiratory rate, normal 12-20 breaths/min
46
Auscultation of lungs
listening with stetoscope to sounds can indicate possible problems (posterior)
47
Crackles or rales
indicate fluid in small airways | pulmonay edema in congestive HF
48
Rhonchi
indicates obsturction of airways by mucous (can clear if coughs) | Pneumonia
49
Rub
sound of membranes rubbing together (lack of fluid make them move easier) | Pleuritic chest pain
50
Wheezing
high-pitched muscial sound over low airways = narrowing of bronchioles | asthma and COPD
51
Stridor
high pitches muscial sown upper airways idicates obstruction of trachea or main bronchus | foreign body obstruction Croup
52
mild pain
1-3
53
moderate pain
4-6
54
severe pain
7-10
55
O2 Sats
amount O2 attached to Hgb
56
hypoventilation/ reps depression
dec RR -> not enough O2 too much CO2 = pH dec acidosis
57
hyperventilation
RR inc: too much O2, not enougb CO2 (blowing off CO2) blood pH inc= alkalosis
58
PaO2
PP of O2 in blood
59
PaCO2
PP CO2 in blood
60
inc PaCO2
Hypercapnia, hypercarbia
61
pH
measure of acidity or alkalinity
62
SaO2
% saturation of Hgb with O2
63
HCO3-
bicarbonate and same as serum bicarb venous blood (CO2) | base 22-29 mEq/L
64
SOB
shortness of breath
65
Pulse Oximetry
estimates saturation of O2 in arterial blood, detects hypoxemia (low O2 in tiussues) | via light waves, 95-100% normal < 90% abnormal
66
Chest X-Ray
Roentgenogram: radiographic test dtects abnormalities infiltrates, masses, consolidation
67
CXR infiltrates
indicates infection like pneumonia
68
CXR masses
indicates tumor cancer
69
CXR consolidation
generic cancer or advanced infection
70
chest CT scan
uses radiation, dtects abnormalities in bones and tissues clearer than xray | bullous emphysema: alveoli joined together dec SA
71
Spirometry
look at mvmt of air in and out of lungs to learn about function
72
FEV1
forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
73
FVC
forced vital capacity: total volume of air in L forcefullt and rapidly exhaled in 1 breath
74
FEv1/ FVC
< 70% diagnostic for COPD | bronchioles obstructed
75
Peak flow meter
self-monitoring asthma, exhale quickly ad forcefully | L/min
76
Incentive spirometry
inhale deep as possible try to lift balls reduce atelectasis risk, aerate and expand alveoli inc SA for gas exchange
77
atelectasis
coplete or partial colapse of alveoli can lead to pneumonia
78
function
how well lungs working | pulse Ox, ABG
79
Etiology
what is causing problem | chest Xray, CT, MRI

Foundations III (2 decks)

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