Lecture 3 - Reinforcement, Extinction, and Punishment

Question 1

Define reinforcement

Answer 1

The procedure of providing consequences for a behaviour that increase or maintain the frequency of that behaviour.

Question 2

Define reinforcer.

Answer 2

An event that, when made contingent on a behaviour, increases or maintains the frequency of that behaviour.

Question 3

Define positive reinforcer.

Answer 3

A reinforcing event in which something is added following a behaviour.

Question 4

Define negative reinforcer.

Answer 4

A reinforcing event in which something is removed following a behaviour.

Question 5

Define:
- Positive
- Secondary
- Contrived
- Natural
reinforcers

Answer 5

See pink text on page 1 of G doc notes.

Question 6

Describe Allen et al. (1974) research example of reinforcement.

Answer 6

See pink text on page 1-2 of G doc notes.

Question 7

List and describe the rules for using reinforcement.

Answer 7

See pink text on page 2 of G doc notes.

Question 8

What are 4 problems with reinforcement?

Answer 8

See pink text on page 2 of G doc notes.

Question 9

Define extinction.

Answer 9

See blue text on page 3 of G doc notes.

Question 10

Describe France and Hudson (1990) research example of extinction.

Answer 10

See blue text on page 3 of G doc notes.

Question 11

List and describe the rules for using extinction.

Answer 11

See blue text on page 3 of G doc notes.

Question 12

What are 4 problems with extinction?

Answer 12

See blue text on page 3-4 of G doc notes.

Question 13

Describe and define differential reinforcement.
What are 3 different types?

Answer 13

See orange text on page 4 of G doc notes.

Question 14

Describe Rekers and Lovaas (1974) research example of differential reinforcement.

Answer 14

See orange text on page 4 of G doc notes.

Question 15

List and describe the rules for using differential reinforcement.

Answer 15

See orange text on page 5 of G doc notes.

Question 16

Define punishment.

Answer 16

The procedure of providing consequences for a behaviour that decrease the frequency of that behaviour.

Question 17

Define punisher.

Answer 17

An event that, when made contingent on a behaviour, decreases the frequency of that behaviour. Are determined by their effect on behaviour - if it doesn’t reduce the rate of behaviour, it is not a punisher
Although some punishers are harmless, but some punishers can be aversive.

Question 18

List and describe 5 types of punishment.

Answer 18

• Reprimanding
• Response cost
• Time out
• Overcorrection
• Physical punishment

See purple text on page 5 of G doc notes.

Question 19

Describe Dorsey et al. (1980) research example of punishment.

Answer 19

See purple text on page 6 of G doc notes.

Question 20

List and describe the rules for using punishment.

Answer 20

See purple text on page 6 of G doc notes.

Question 21

What are 2 problems with punishment?

Answer 21

See purple text on page 7 of G doc notes.

Question 22

Read green text on page 7 of G doc notes.

Answer 22

Understand?

Question 23

Define the “partial reinforcement effect”

Answer 23

During extinction procedures, you need to entirely withhold the reinforcer. Occasional reinforcement could maintain the behaviour (partial reinforcement effect).

Question 24

Define extinction bursts

Answer 24

Extinction bursts. - The long term effect of xtinction is the reduction of behaviour, but the immediate effect can be a sudden increase. If you dont tell people in the applied setting that its going to get worse before it gets better then they might think tis not working.

Question 25

Define spontaneous recovery.

Answer 25

Spontaneous recovery. - the target behaviour suddenly reappears, not a problem if the behaviour isn’t reinforced the way that it was prior to the extinction procedure.