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Anatomy > Lecture 3: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerve, Dorsal Scapular Region > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerve, Dorsal Scapular Region Flashcards

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1
Q

Spinal nerves

A

-originate at spinal cord
-connects peripheral nervous system to CNS
-31 pairs

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2
Q

5 regions of spinal nerves

A

1) cervical (8)
2) thoracic (12)
3) lumbar (5)
4) sacral (5)
5) coccygeal (1)

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3
Q

How do the nerves exit?

A

Goes between vertebrae’s expect C1 it goes above it.

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4
Q

Why is there Cervical enlargement in spinal cord

A

Large because it has to supply neurons to all muscles in arm and leg

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5
Q

Ventral nerve roots help with what?

A

Motor

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6
Q

Dorsal nerve roots help with what?

A

Sensory

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7
Q

Ventral rami

A

Inner age ventral body wall and all limb parts

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8
Q

Dorsal rami

A

Innervate skin and muscles of back

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9
Q

Dermatomes

A

-Area of skin supplied by an individual spinal nerve
-used to assess level of SCI

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10
Q

Spinal meninges

A

-thick covering around spinal cord
-helps keep CSP in

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11
Q

3 layers of spinal meninges

A

1) dura (outer layer)
2) arachnoid (middle layer)
3) pia (inner layer) only one to touch spinal cord

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12
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

Between L1/L2 vertebral level.

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13
Q

Where does the spinal Dural sac terminate?

A

At the S2 segment

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14
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Terminal end of spinal cord

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15
Q

Cauda equine in lumbar cistern

A

-A subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris.

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16
Q

Nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate…

A

Pelvic organs and lower limbs

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17
Q

Filum terminale internum

A

-upper 3/4 of filum
-covered by spinal dura and arachnoid meninges

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18
Q

What’s the space outside of the spinal dura mater?

A

Epidural space

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19
Q

What’s the space in between the spinal dura mater and the spinal arachnoid Mater?

A

Subdural space

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20
Q

What is the space between the spinal arachnoid mater and spinal pia mater?

A

Subarachnoid space: CSF

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21
Q

Cauda equina stops?

A

At L1L2

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22
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid
-a clear, colorless body fluid found within tissues that surrounds brain and spinal cord of all veretbraes.

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23
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

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24
Q

Spinal tap

A

-lumbar puncture
-lie on side with knees to chest, needle is inserted in spinal canal, to collect CSF for testing.

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25
L3/4 nerves
-provide sensation to front part of thigh and inner side of lower leg. -control hip n knee movements
26
L4/5 nerves
-provide sensation to outer side of lower leg and upper part of fort between first and second toe
27
What are the function of ligaments?
Helps resist excess motion
28
Spinal ligaments
-anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) -posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) -ligamentous flava -supraspinous ligament -ligamentum nuchae -interspinous ligament
29
Where does the ligamentous flava and PLL live?
Spinal canal
30
Most common cause of spinal stenosis occurs where?
ligamentum flava and PLL -it will hypertrophy which causes it to become thicker and take up space in vertebral canal
31
How many muscles attach to the scapula?
20
32
Muscles attached to the dorsal scapular region
Supraspinatus Infraspinatous Tres minor
33
What kind of bone is the scapula?
Sesamoid bone
34
ALL
Ligament anterior to vertebral body
35
PLL
Ligament posterior to vertebral body
36
Which two ligaments connect to disc?
ALL and PLL
37
Ligamentum flava supports?
Facets and runs the whole way
38
Infraspine
Below the spine
39
Supraspine
Above the spine
40
Bones associated with scapula
-sternum -ribs -clavicle -vertebrae
41
Deltoid: purpose
Doing yoga poses with arms overhead, reaching for and putting on seatbelt
42
Deltoid MA
Clavicle (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm @ Acromial (middle) part: abducts arm Spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally raises arm
43
Deltoid proximal
Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
44
Deltoid distal
Deltoid tuberosity of humerous
45
Deltoid nerve
Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
46
Pectoralis major purpose
Reaching across the body into an overhead cabinet, putting on seatbelt
47
Pectoralis major MA
-Adducts and medially rotates humorous -draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly -if acting alone clavicular head flexes humerous sternacostal head extends from flexed position
48
Pectoralis major proximal
Clavicular head Sternocostal head: sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages External oblique muscle
49
Pectoralis major distal
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerous
50
Pectoralis major nerve
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves -clavicular heads (C5 and C6) -sternocostal head (C7 , C8, T1)
51
Pectoralis minor purpose
Taking a deep breath, walking with crutches
52
Pectoralis minor MA
-stabilizes scapula inferiorly and anteriorly to thoracic wall -with fixed scapula: assist to elevate the thorax during inhalation
53
Pectoralis minor proximal
Third fourth and fifth ribs near costal cartilage
54
Pectoralis minor nerve
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) Lateral pectoral nerve
55
Infraspinatus purpose
Playing racket sports or table tennis
56
Infraspinatus MA
Externally rotate the shoulder Stabilize the head of humerous in glenoid cavity along with other SITS muscles
57
Infraspinatus proximal
Infraspinous fossa
58
Infraspinatus distal
Greater tubercle of humerous
59
Infraspinatus nerve
Supeascapular nerve (C5 and C6)
60
Tres major purpose
Toileting and perineal care
61
Tres major MA
-adduct shoulder -shoulder IR
62
Tres major proximal
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
63
Tres major distal
Medial lip of interrubercular sulcus of humerous
64
Tres major nerve
Lower subscapular nerve (C5 and C6)
65
“A lady between two majors”
The latissimus dorsi lies between the Pectoralis major and tres major muscle
66
Supraspinatus purpose
Painting overhead or washing hair
67
Supraspinatus MA
-initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm -stabilize the head of humerous in glenoid cavity
68
Supraspinatus proximal
Supraspinatus fossa
69
Supraspinatus distal
Greater tubercle of humerous
70
Supraspinatus nerve
Upper and lower suprascapular nerves (C4 C5 C6)
71
Tres minor purpose
Washing the back of head and neck
72
Tres minor MA
-externally rotate shoulder -stabilize head of humerous in glenoid cavity
73
Tres minor proximal
Lateral Border of scapula
74
Tres minor distal
Greater tubercle of humerous
75
Tres minor nerve
Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
76
Subscapularis purpose
Tolieting, donning a bra, throwing a baseball
77
Subscapularis MA
-internally rotate shoulder -stabilize head of humerous in glenoid cavity
78
Subscapularis proximal
Subscapular fossa
79
Subscapularis distal
Lesser tubercle of humerous
80
Subscapularis nerve
Upper and lower subscapular (C5, C6, C7)
81
Serratus anterior purpose
Pushing a heavy door
82
Serratus anterior MA
-protracts scapular -upwardly rotates scapula -holds scapula against thoracic wall
83
Serratus anterior proximal
Lateral parts of upper 8 or 9 ribs
84
Serratus anterior distal
Medial border of scapula
85
Serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve ( C5, C6, C7)
86
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
-subscapularis -teres minor -Infraspinatus -Supraspinatus
87
Process=
Bony protrusion More area for a ligament and tendon to attach better

Anatomy (3 decks)

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