Lecture 3: the Algae and Viridiplantae Flashcards
(20 cards)
what are viridiplantae?
true plants
what are the 2 groups of viridiplantae?
chlorophyta and streptophyta
what are cyanobacteria?
free living chloroplasts that are exploited to provide sugar to the cell forming an endosymbiotic relationship since it is provided with shelter
what makes sure that the cyanobacteria maintain an endosymbiotic relationship?
take crucial genes from each other
what are the algae?
a polyphyletic grouping of photosynthetic organisms that share similar characteristics due to similar cell structures and life histories (convergent evolution)
what are the features of the euglenophyta?
- no cell wall
- flagellate
- asexual
- not ALL photosynthetic
- modified chloroplast eye spot that assists phototaxis
what are the features of the bacillariophyta?
- unicellular/colonial
- silica cell wall
- asexual and sexual
- chlorophyll a and c
- brown accessory pigments (sunscreen)
- fix carbon
what are the features of the pyrrophyta?
- unicellular/filamentous
- cellulose cell wall
- asexual or sexual
- chlorophylls a and c
- some are heterotrophs (no chloroplast)
what are the features of the rhodophyta?
- multicellular
- cellulose cell wall
- asexual and sexual with alternation of generations
- chlorophyll a
- red (phycoerythrin) and purple pigments
what are the features of the phaeophyta?
- multicellular
- cellulose cell wall
- asexual and sexual with alternation of generations
- chlorophyll a and c
- brown (fucoxanthin) pigments
- make agar
what are the features of the chlorophyta?
- first true plant
- unicellular/colonial/multicellular
- asexual and sexual
- chlorophyll a and b
what are the features of the charophyta?
- multicellular
- cellulose cell wall
- sexual (sporangia differentiate between male and females)
- chlorophyll a and b
why do double membraned organelles have 2?
have the host and cyanobacterial membranes
how do all plants begin?
plastid endosymbiosis and gene transfer from chloroplast to nucleus
what is the second stage in plant evolution?
layered flagellae and cytoskeletal structures
what is the third stage of plant evolution?
filamentous growth leads to klebsomidales
what is the 4th stage of plant evolution?
fragmoplast at cytokinesis leads to charales
what is the 5th stage of plant evolution?
apical growth, branching, oogamy, plasmodesmata, retention og the eff leading to cholechatales
what is the 6th stage of plant evolution?
encapsulation of the egg, sperm differentiation, multiple chloroplasts per cell leads to zygnematales
what is the 7th stage of plant evolution?
multicellular sporophyte, embryo gametangia, sporangia, cuticle lead to embryophyta
