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Class 3 > Lecture 34: Male Reproductive System - Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Lecture 34: Male Reproductive System - Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the gonads?

A

the organs where gametes are produced

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2
Q

What are the male gonads called and what do they produce?

A

testes producing spermatozoa

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3
Q

What are the female gonads called and what do they produce?

A

ovary producing oocytes

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4
Q

What is coitus?

A

sexual intercourse

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5
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

the formation of an embryo due to the fusion of gametes during coitus

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6
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

A

the ileum, pubis, ischium, sacrum, coccyx

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7
Q

Which is always open, the pelvic inlet or pelvic outlet?

A

pelvic inlet

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8
Q

What is the pelvic outlet closed by?

A

muscles

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9
Q

Which is bigger, the pelvic inlet or the pelvic outlet?

A

the pelvic inlet

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10
Q

The pelvis may be divided into what two parts?

A 
the true (lesser) pelvis
the false (greater) pelvis
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11
Q

What does the true pelvis enclose?

A

it encloses the pelvic cavity

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12
Q

Describe the false/greater pelvis

A
  • superior region
  • above the pelvic inlet
  • contains the GI tract
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13
Q

Describe the true/lesser pelvis

A
  • inferior region
  • between the inlet and outlet
  • contains the internal reproductive organs
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14
Q

What is the pelvic brim?

A

the bony margin of the true pelvis

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15
Q

What is the pelvic inlet enclosed by?

A

the pelvic brim

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16
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

the opening bounded by the coccyx, the ischial tuberosities and ischial spines, and the inferior border of the pubic symphysis

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17
Q

How do the female and male pelvis differ?

A

the female has a broader subpubic angle with an oval shaped inlet and a straighter coccyx whereas the male pelvis has a narrower subpubic angle with a heart a heart shaped inlet and a curved coccyx

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18
Q

The pelvic outlet is closed over by which layer of muscles?

A

pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm

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19
Q

The pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm is made up of what two muscles?

A

the levator ani and coccygeus

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20
Q

What are the openings in the pelvic floor?

A
  • urethra
  • anal canal
  • vagina (females only)
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21
Q

What are the two triangles that make up the perineal region?

A

urogenital triangle

anal triangle

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22
Q

Where is the male perineum? What does it include?

A

the region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the thighs and it includes the external genitalia and anus

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23
Q

What is inside the urogenital triangle?

A

urethral opening; external genitalia

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24
Q

What is inside the anal triangle?

A

anal canal and fat

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25
Which is anterior, the anal canal or the urogenital triangle?
the urogenital triangle
26
Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the ________ pelvis
true/lesser
27
The external genitalia is found in the _________ triangle of the perineal region
urogenital
28
Openings in the male pelvic floor include the urethra and _________
anus
29
Openings in the female pelvic floor include the urethra, ________ and _________
vagina | anus
30
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
to produce spermatozoa and to transport it into the female reproductive tract
31
What is the male reproductive system made up of?
the testes the reproductive tract/duct accessory structures and glands
32
What are the testes surrounded by?
a sac of skin known as the scrotum
33
What is produced in the testes?
spermatozoa
34
Once produced in the testes, where does the sperm get transported to?
the epididymis
35
The epididymis can be split into what three sections?
the head, body, tail
36
What occurs in the epididymis?
Sperm maturation
37
Once the sperm are mature, the sperm leave the epididymis and they move into the
ductus deferens
38
What occurs in the ductus deferens?
sperm storage
39
Where does the ductus deferens travel?
it is a muscular tube running through the spermatic cord up through the inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity, posterior to the bladder
40
What does the ductus deferens widen to form?
the ampulla
41
Where is the ampulla located and what does it produce?
it is located laterally/adjacent to the seminal vesicle | it produces components of the seminal fluid
42
What two ducts form the ejaculatory duct?
the ducts from the end of the ampulla and the seminal vesicle
43
What does the ejaculatory duct open into?
the prostatic urethra
44
From the ejaculatory duct, where does the sperm travel?
into the prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy/penile urethra
45
What does the scrotum contain?
two testes, two epididymides, two spermatic cords each with a part of the ductus deferens
46
Where is the spermatic cord located?
superior to the testes, up through the inguinal canal
47
What does the spermatic cord contain?
the first part of the ductus deferens, arteries, veins forming the venus plexus, nerves
48
What three things are produced in the testes?
sperm testosterone inhibin
49
What are the testes surrounded by?
dense fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea
50
The tunica albuginea form _______ which forms segments/parts of the testes known as the ____________
septa | lobules
51
What is found in the lobules of the testes?
seminiferous tubules
52
What occurs in the seminiferous tubules?
spermatogenesis
53
The seminiferous tubules join to form the _______
rete testes
54
What joins the rete testes with the epididymis?
efferent ductules
55
What cells produce testosterone?
interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells
56
What cells produce inhibin?
Nurse (Sertoli) cells
57
What do interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells produce?
testosterone
58
What do nurse (Sertoli) cells produce?
inhibin
59
What are spermatogenic cells?
spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development
60
What is the purpose of myoid cells?
transporting the sperm to the rete testes
61
Where are interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells found?
inside the tubules
62
Where are nurse (Sertoli) cells found?
in the tubules
63
The seminiferous tubules is continuous with what?
the ductus deferens
64
Sperm enter the epididymis from the ______ _____ and exit via the _______ ________
seminiferous tubules | ductus deferens
65
The ductus deferens is continuous with the
epididymis
66
What does the ductus deferens start with?
the spermatic cord
67
What is the ductus deferens covered by?
smooth muscle
68
Where are sperm stored until ejaculation?
in the ejaculatory sphinctor
69
What happens is sperm is not removed during ejaculation?
it is removed in the urine
70
What are the ejaculatory ducts formed from?
the unions of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla
71
What does the ejaculatory duct open into?
the prostate urethra
72
What are the two main functions of the male urethra?
urination and ejaculation
73
What are the epithelium changes in the male urethra?
transitional, columnar, stratified squamous
74
What are the three sections of the male urethra?
prostatic membranous penile/spongy
75
What are the two sphincters of the urethra?
external and internal
76
What controls the external sphincter and what does this control?
the skeletal muscle is used for the voluntary control of urination
77
What controls the internal urinary sphincter and what does this control?
the detrusor muscle for involuntarily control
78
What happens to the sphincters during ejaculation?
the external sphincter remains open and the internal sphincter closes so that the sperm ejaculated does not go into the bladder
79
What is retrograde ejaculation?
when the internal urinary sphincter does not close and so sperm ends up in the bladder
80
Spermatogenesis occurs in the ___________ within the testes?
seminiferous tubules
81
From the seminiferous tubules, the sperm travel into the _____, the _______, the ejaculatory ducts and finally the ________
epididymis ductus deferens urethra
82
The urethra is divided into three regions" the prostatic urethra, the ________ urethra and the penile/spongy urethra
membranous
83
What are sperm stem cells known as?
spermatogonia
84
Describe the development of sperm in the seminiferous tubule:
Each tubule contains spermatogonia, spermatocytes at various stages of meiosis, spermatids, sperm and nurse cells. As spermiogenesis proceeds, the spermatids gradually develop into mature sperm. At spermiation, a sperm loses its attachment to the nurse cell and enters the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

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