Lecture 4

Question 1

Muscular Strength

Answer 1

Amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximal effort

Question 2

5 factors affecting muscle performance

Answer 2

1. Muscle fiber type
2. Muscle fiber size
3. Length-tension relationship
4. Neural control
5. Fatigue

Question 3

Neurological weakness

Answer 3

Loss of nerve innovation affecting muscles’ force generating capacity
Result of upper or lower motor Neuron lesions

Question 4

What muscles are likely hypertonic (when patient has neurologicalweakness)

Answer 4

Wrist flexors
Elbow flexors
Finger flexors

Question 5

Are muscles with increased tone stronger than muscles with low tone?

Answer 5

Not necessarily, they don’t have force generating capacity to make them stronger

Question 6

Upper Motor neurons

Answer 6

Originate in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or in the brainstem

Question 7

Upper Motor Neuron (umn) Syndrome

Answer 7

Lesions involving the cortical spinal pathways

Question 8

Lower Motor Neuron Syndrome

Answer 8

Lesions involving peripheral nerve pathways

Question 9

Upper Motor Neuron syndromes associated with:

Answer 9

Hypertonicity (spasticity)
Exaggerated Reflex
Widespread weakness below LOI
Loss of selective movement synergies

Question 10

Lower Motor Neuron syndromes associated with

Answer 10

Hypotonicity (flaccidity)
Diminished reflexes
Focal weakness

Question 11

Muscle atrophy

Answer 11

Conversion of type I to type 2

Question 12

Type 1 fibers

Answer 12

Slow twitch Oxidative

Question 13

Type 2 fibers

Answer 13

Fast twitch glycolytic

Question 14

Functional measures

Answer 14

Use to assess for strength/weakness in neurological conditions
Analysis of functional tasks are used to measure motor recovery or weakness)

Question 15

Treatment strategies

Answer 15

Strength training
Functional training
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Electrical modalities

Question 16

Focus of neurological conditions

Answer 16

Identifying missing components of functional movements & strengthening key muscle groups needed for those components

Question 17

Functional strengthening

Answer 17

Strengthening / enhancing key muscles required to complete an activity

Question 18

PNF

Answer 18

Characterized by U nice muscle patterns in function
Stimulates tri-plantar nature of functional movements
Involves:
1. Movement performed in spiral diagonal directions
2. Use of postural reflexes (stretch reflex)
3. Use of eccentric contractions to facilitate agonist activity

Question 19

Electrical modalities

Answer 19

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Functional electrical stimulation
Biofeedback