lecture 4

Question 1

recombinant dna technology

Answer 1

copy, clone and manipulate RNA

Question 2

purpose of restriction enzymes

Answer 2

cut dna

Question 3

purpose of dna coning vectors

Answer 3

accept dna

Question 4

molecular cloning steps

Answer 4

1. isolate and purify target gene
2. cut vector
3. ligate/ glue gene into vector
4. put vector/ gene into bacteria

Question 5

properties of cloning vector:

should be fairly small dna molecules why?

Answer 5

get into bacteria

Question 6

properties of cloning vector:

should have an origin of replication why?

Answer 6

make copies

Question 7

properties of cloning vector:

should have at least one selectable marker
example
why

Answer 7

-color change or antibiotic resistance
-detection

Question 8

properties of cloning vector:

should have at least one unique endonuclease recognition site
why

Answer 8

allow you to cut open vector

Question 9

Colin bacteriocin gene removed! why

Answer 9

b/c would kill the bacteria

Question 10

multi copy plasmids

Answer 10

bacteria can make many copies

Question 11

Cut Vector and Gene of Interest with same restriction enzyme
* What must you keep in mind when doing this?

Answer 11

1. only cut vector once
2. never cut critical genes

Question 12

Combine Vector and Insert with what enzyme to join ends?

Answer 12

ligase gives

Question 13

What techniques are used to detect insert?

Answer 13

1. run a dna gel
2. insertional inactivation
3. reporter genes

Question 14

reporter

Answer 14

color change

Question 15

since lambda is bacteriophage what does that tell us

Answer 15

that it infects bacteria

Question 16

***Tumor-inducing

Answer 16

argrobacterium tumerfactons
(bacteria that infects plans)

Question 17

tumor-inducing purpose

Answer 17

GMO/crop modification

Question 18

nucleases do what?

Answer 18

cut dna

Question 19

exonucleases

Answer 19

cuts ends

Question 20

endonucleases

Answer 20

cuts within

Question 21

isoschizomers

Answer 21

cuts some sequenced at same spot

Question 22

neoschizomers

Answer 22

cuts some DNA sequence at diff spots

Question 23

Means of Bacterial Gene Transfer to get the new DNA into a cell

Answer 23

transformaton- uptake of naked dna
transduction- use a virus
conjugation- bacteria sex

Question 24

pct stands for ??

Answer 24

polymerase chain reaction

Question 25

purpose of pcr

Answer 25

amplifies dna

Question 26

pcr requires

Answer 26

1. dna template 2.forward+reverse primers 3. tog polymerase 4.dnTR 5.MG (co factor activates polymerase) 6. pcr inactive

Question 27

each pcr has 3 steps

Answer 27

1. denature- opens dna 2. anneal-primers bind target gene 3. extend-polymerase makes copy of dna

Question 28

Genomics

Answer 28

study dna of organisms

Question 29

Transcriptomics

Answer 29

study rna

Question 30

Proteomics

Answer 30

study proteins

Question 31

Systems biology

Answer 31

study big picture of body

Question 32

what does development mean?

Answer 32

process of single cell to multi cell

Question 33

how does a zygote differ from an embryo?

Answer 33

zygote-single cell embryo- multi cell

Question 34

what is the significance of blastocyst?

Answer 34

outer layer comes placenta

Question 35

**apoptosis

Answer 35

programmed all death

Question 36

what are major body axes?

Answer 36

anterior/posterior ventral/dorsal left/right

Question 37

what molecules set up these body axes?

Answer 37

morphogens

Question 38

homeosis

Answer 38

body parts in wrong place

Question 39

homeosis: mutations in which genes?

Answer 39

-hox-genes in animals that code for body part. location in plants -mad genes in plants

Question 40

Changes in Developmental Gene Expression drive Evolution how??

Answer 40

creates biodiversity

Question 41

evo-devo

Answer 41

study how development mutations can drive evolution