Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Periodontics > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

Bacteria and Oral Biofilms (48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

bacterial infections

A

gingivitis and periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bacteria

A

replicate/adapt quickly to environmental changes
tough cell membrane
gram + or gram -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gram + periodontal microorganisms

A

facultative cocci: streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus salivarius
facultative rods: actinomyces viscosus
obligate rods: eubacterium lentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gram - periodontal microorganisms

A

facultative rods: aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
obligate anaerobic rods and cocci: P. Gingivalis, P. Iintermedia, V. Alcalescens
anaerobic spirochetes: treponema denticola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

intercellular matrix of dental plaque

A

organic: polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, lipid material and DNA

inorganic materials: calcium and phosphorus with sodium, potassium and fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

supragingival dental plaque

A

gram positive cocci and rods
nutrients from saliva and diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

subgingival dental plaque

A

gram -, anaerobic, motile rods and spirochetes
nutrients from GCF and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

subgingival bacterial attachment zones

A

tooth-associated: adhere to the tooth surface
tissue associated: adhere to the epithelium
free floating: unattached, not part of the biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tooth associated plaque

A

densely packed and strongly adherent to the tooth surface
gram + rods, cocci and filamentous bacteria
facultative aerobic or facultative anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tissue associated plaque

A

loosely packed, loosely adherent to soft tissue wall
gram -, motile, anaerobic spirochetes
bacteria can invade the gingival CT and be found within the deeper perio tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

unattached bacteria

A

free swimming in pocket
gram -, motile, anaerobic
spirochetes and others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the source of inorganic components of supragingival plaque

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

calculus is frequently found in areas of the dentition adjacent to

A

salivary ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the inorganic components of subgingival plaque are derived from

A

crevicular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

materia alba

A

white cheeselike accumulation
salivary proteins, bacteria, desquamated epithelial cells
lacks structure
displace with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dental plaque

A

clear to yellow-grayish substance
bacteria in a matrix of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides
a biofilm
impossible to remove by rinsing or water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

calculus

A

hard deposit that forms via the mineralization of dental plaque
covered by a layer of unmineralized dental plaque
impossible to remove by rinsing or water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

plaque biofilms

A

a matrix enclosed bacterial population adherent to each other and/or to surfaces or interfaces
structurally organized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

life cycle of a biofilm

A

attachment: bacteria attach to a surface
growth: attract other bacteria, rapid multiplication, ECM for protection and maintain attachment
detachment: clumps break free to attach to new surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

phase 1

Study These Flashcards
A

initial attachment
acquired pellicle formation
protein film forms within minutes after cleaning tooth surface
derived from salivary glycoproteins, antibodies, GCF
protect enamel from acid
gram + facultative bacteria

21
Q

phase 2

Study These Flashcards
A

irreversible attachment
additional bacteria colonization
coaggregation, gram negative colonizers adhere to bacteria
attract other free-floating bacteria

22
Q

phase 3

Study These Flashcards
A

maturation
formation of extracellular protective matrix
bacterial secretion
provides anchorage and protection for the attached bacteria from antimicrobials, antibiotics and immune system

23
Q

phase 4

Study These Flashcards
A

maturation phase II
bacteria microcolonies form mature biofilm
complex collection of different bacteria
increased numbers of gram neg/anaerobic bacteria

24
Q

phase 5

Study These Flashcards
A

dispersion
microbes disperse from the biofilm colony allowing biofilms to spread to new tooth surfaces

25
dental plaque - colonization
different bacteria species join the biofilm in a particular sequence -early colonizers: nonpathogenic/gram + -intermediated colonizers: specific cell-cell adhesion -late colonizers: gram - bacteria join biofilm
26
why is physical/mechanical disruption so important for individuals with periodontitis
adequate disruption causes the entire process of bacterial succession to begin again the cleaner the tooth surface, the less complex the bacterial formation
27
dental plaque biofilm development always begins _____ and progresses _______
supragingivally and progresses subgingivally
28
the clinical signs of inflammation may appear within
4-14 days
29
non-specific plaque hypothesis
accumulation of bacterial biofilms lead to periodontal destruction
30
specific plaque hypothesis
specific pathogenic bacteria lead to periodontal destruction
31
host response hypothesis
it is the host's inflammatory and immune response, not the type of bacteria, which determines if periodontal destruction progresses
32
contemporary perspectives
despite plaque biofilm causing the initial inflammatory response, it is not sufficient for periodontal destruction to occur it is the host inflammatory and immunes responses that determine whether gingivitis progresses to periodontitis
33
virulence factors
endotoxins microbial invasion enzyme production
34
endotoxins
in gram negative bacteria cell membranes are released when bacteria die or break apart initiates inflammation can kill pmns
35
microbial invasion
ability to penetrate tissue to avoid host defense cells
36
enzyme production
break down collagen and host proteins (basic structure of periodontium)
37
bacteria synthesize and release... and these do what
toxic by products (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide) these increase the permeability of epithelium/toxic to cells and tissues
38
biochemical mediator in periodontitis include
cytokines chemokines prostoglandins metalloproteinases
39
cytokines
initiate tissue destruction and bone loss
40
chemokines
attract additional immune cells
41
prostoglandins
cause bone destruction
42
metalloproteinases
cause collagen destruction of periodontal tissues
43
proteins, lipids, enzymes released by leukocytes activate
inflammatory response attracts additional immune cells and increase vascular permeability contributes to tissue destruction
44
4 histologic stages in development of periodontal disease
1. initial lesion: healthy but mild inflammation 2. early lesion: acute inflammation/gingivitis 3. establish lesion: chronic gingivitis 4. advanced lesion: transition to periodontitis
45
initial lesion
corresponds with clinically healthy gingival tissues/mild inflammation develops 2-4 days after supragingival plaque accumulation gram neg bacteria initiates immune response pmns pass from blood vessels to CT into sulcus, cytokines destroy healthy tissue tissue destruction easily repaired after infection fought lesion is not seen clinically and is reversible with adequate OH
46
early lesion
corresponds with acute gingivitis, evident clinically biofilm maturation continues 4-14 days bacterial toxins penetrate junctional epithelium JE cells release cytokines attracting larger # of PMNs cytokines cause localized destruction of connective tissue macrophages are recruited to the connective tissue (release biochemical mediators which recruit additional immune cells) epithelial ridges appear in sulcular epithelium and adjacent CT this lesion is reversible with adequate OH
47
established lesion
corresponds with chronic gingivitis within 2-3 weeks of plaque accumulation coronal portion of JE detaches from tooth surface macrophages and lymphocytes are most numerous in tissue, PMNs most numerous in sulcus lymphocytes produce large numbers of antibodies macrophages produce cytokines with initiate collagen destruction epithelial ridges extends deeper into the connective tissue lesion is still reversible periodontal instrumentation and patient education are helpful
48
advance lesion
transition from gingivitis to periodontitis state of chronic inflammation immune response is so strong it begins to harm the periodontium biochemical mediators produced by PMNs/macrophages destroy CT and PDL fibers apical migration of the JE occurs (periodontal pocket forms) clinically- BOP, alveolar bone loss, furcation involvement, mobility tissue destruction is not reversible

Periodontics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions