Lecture 4

Question 1

Preclinical trial

Answer 1

Animal studies before testing on humans

(Usually at a higher dosage) (Safety and efficiency)

Question 2

Phase I clinical trial:

Answer 2

Is the drug safe for human? Small groups of people

(10is informed volunteers)

Question 3

Phase II clinical trial:

Answer 3

Does the drug work for its intended purpose (effectiveness)?

Uses a larger group of people (100s)

Still safety check, figure out dose

(monitoring all possible side effects)

Question 4

Phase III clinical trial:

Answer 4

How does the drug compare with other available treatments?

Give to even larger group of people (1000s)

Question 5

After approval

Answer 5

Ongoing assessment of long-term use, benefits and risk

Could find the negative long term affects much later

Question 6

Evolutionary medicine

Answer 6

“the application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease

• Knowledge about evolution provides physicians with an integrative framework that links otherwise disparate bits of knowledge
• it replaces the previous view of bodies as machines with a biological view of bodies shaped by evolutionary process

Question 7

Integrative medicine

Answer 7

Treats the whole person, not just the disease symptoms

• Healing oriented medicine that takes of the whole person including all aspects of lifestyle

Question 8

Collective medicine (one health)

Answer 8

Can be defined as a concept and an approach

Concept: Speaks to the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental health

Approach: Involves working together across disciplines to combat complex health challenges that arise at the intersection of human, animal and environmental health

Question 9

Enhancement medicine

Answer 9

botox, viagra, anabolic steroids etc